670 Fitted Walls and Kifcfieti-Gardai 



thus marked the whole bed longitudinally. I then, by apply- 

 ing niv jxirallel rods in a similar manner across the beds, 

 intersect these longitudinal lines; and at each intersection I 

 place my root or plant. IJy this method a bed 20 ft. by 4- ft. 

 may be accurately marked out in five minutes. The instrument 

 is useful as a square ; and also as a level, by attaching a plum- 

 met line to the top of the handle; and the rod b is divided into 

 feet and inches, and is easily detached for sundry purposes. 

 I am, Sir, your's, &c. 



Wm. Godsall. 

 Hereford, Sept. 29. 1832. 



Art. XV. A Plan and Description of the Fined Walls in the 

 Gardens of Erskine House, tvith a Plan and Description of the 

 Kitchen-Garden there. By Mr. G. Shiells. 



Sir, 



ActREEAbly to your request when here, T now send you 

 a sketch of our kitchen-garden {fg. l^*.) and flued walls 

 (fg. 14'3.), with some description of them. 



Our mode of heating these walls is simple but effectual. 

 As will be seen m fg. 143., there is an open space, with a 

 damper fixed immediately over, where the smoke and heated 

 air enter the wall from the furnace at a: this damper regu- 

 lates the heat through the whole wall. I found that when the 

 damper was drawn about 4 in., a sufficient portion of the 

 smoke and heated air passed through the two under flues to 

 produce the necessary degree of heat in these flues; and, after 

 passing through these, being again united to that part ascending 

 through the opening left at a, the whole body of smoke then 

 ascends, and passes through the third and upper flues, by 

 which these are heated a little more than the lower ones. 

 This I consider a great advantage, because the upper part 

 of the wall is more exposed to the cold air, and less benefited 

 by the reflection of heat from the ground ; besides, the shoots 

 there are generally more luxuriant and spongy, and conse- 

 quently later in ripening. 



N(f trellis is required for this wall ; for, if the damper be 

 properly fixed, there is no danger of overheating any part of 

 it; the only pnrt where danger from overheating is to be 

 apprehended is where the heat enters from the furnace, which 

 is 18 in. from the wall, and 2 ft. below the surface of the 

 ground. To prevent the roots of the trees on the south side 

 of the wall from being injured by the heat, 4-inch brickwork 



