TO SCIENCE AND MORALITY 97 



So far we may apply the terms of each province to the 

 subject-matter of the others. This must not, however, blind 

 us to the fact that morality, art, and science which are 

 severally concerned with goodness, beauty, and truth require 

 to be considered separately. Each exists for itself, notwith- 

 standing those reciprocal affinities, to which language testifies, 

 and which are deeply grounded in our nature. Thus morality 

 holds up for admiration many things which we recognise 

 as essentially good, but which can only be called beautiful 

 by a metaphor such as suffering a horrid death for con- 

 science' sake or the discharge of distasteful duties. Art, 

 on the contrary, may produce forms which are physically 

 beautiful, but which stimulate appetites or suggest thoughts 

 alien to moral Tightness. Science, again, is indifferent alike 

 to beauty and to moral goodness. It seeks the law of 

 ugliness, disease, and crime, no less than the law of beauty, 

 health, and virtue. Their ends in like manner differ. Morality 

 tends to right conduct, art to noble pleasure, science to know- 

 ledge and control of facts. Of the three, morality is by far 

 the most complex, because it is concerned with nothing less 

 than the whole nature of man ourselves the most vitally 

 important, and also the most inscrutable matter for inquiry. 

 For the same reason it is also the most undetermined of the 

 three ; in its province nothing has, as yet, been reduced to 

 the certainty of law. Therefore it relies on religion for the 

 sanction, and on jurisprudence for the enforcement, of its 

 ruling principles. Standing in a certain sense between science 

 and art, it derives information from the former, and exercises 

 supervision over the latter. And forasmuch as right conduct 

 is more precious to man than either noble pleasure or the 

 knowledge and control of facts, morality has to provide that 

 neither the scientific pursuit of knowledge nor the assthetical 

 supply of pleasure shall compromise the rectitude of the will 

 in action. Morality, in fact, as Aristotle said long ago, is 

 architectonic ; and goodness, for human nature, is the queen 

 over truth and beauty. 



