30 DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 



Top Grafting Apples. — Ninety varieties of apples, mainly 

 of the more tender sorts, were top-grafted to learn if this 

 would make them sufficiently hardy to withstand very cold 

 winters, but it was found that it did not do so. Top-grafting 

 on bearing trees will bring varieties into bearing earlier, however, 

 than if they are grown as standard trees. 



Mice Girdling Apple Trees. — The frequent ravages of mice 

 in orchards are easily prevented and measures to this end should 

 not be neglected. The best way is to wrap the trunks of the 

 trees with ordinary white building paper, putting a little soil 

 about the bottom so that the mice will not get at the trunk of 

 the tree near the ground. If this has been forgotten until after 

 snow falls, tramping the snow about the trees will protect them. 



Plums. — Nearly three hundred named varieties of plums 

 have been tried at Ottawa and it has been found that the 

 improved native American sorts are the best, the European 

 and Japanese being too tender in flower bud. 



Pears. — Pears do not thrive at Ottawa, though some of the 

 Russian varieties are hardy. The Flemish Beauty appears to be 

 the hardiest good pear. 



Cherries. — The flower buds of cherries are usually killed by 

 winter. The list of best varieties gives the hardiest. 



Grapes. — Nearly three hundred named varieties of grapes 

 have been tested at Ottawa and more than one hundred have 

 ripened in the same season. The vines must, however, be 

 covered with soil in winter, chiefly to protect them against 

 spring frosts. The canes should not be raised until about the 

 second week in May, or until danger of severe frost is over. 



Raspberries. — Raspberries should be bent and held down 

 with soil to secure the best results, as they will be better pro- 

 tected by the snow. 



Blackberries. — These are not satisfactory here; the canes are 

 too much injured in winter. Currants, gooseberries and straw- 

 berries do well and a large number of varieties of these fruits 

 have been grown. 



Varieties of Fruits recommended for Eastern Ontario and the 

 Province of Quebec south of Lat. 4^: — 



Apples, commercial and domestic: Summer, Transparent, 

 Duchess, Langford Beauty; Autumn — Dudley, Wealthy, Alexan- 

 der, McMahon; Early Winter — Mcintosh, Fameuse, Rochelle, 

 Wolfe River; Winter — Milwaukee, Bethel, Scott Winter. 



Additional Varieties suggested for Domestic Use: — 



Summer — Lowland Raspberry; Autumn — Peach of Mon- 

 treal, St. Lawrence; Winter — Swayzie, Pewaukee, Golden 

 Russet, Rufus. 



Crab Apples, Commercial and Domestic: — Whitney, Mar- 

 tha, Hyslop. 



