42 DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 



its germination and weight per bushel ascertained. Any lot of 

 grain which cannot be brought up to the required standard is 

 rejected. The growing appreciation by farmers of the value of 

 good seed makes it imperative to raise the standard of quality 

 in the distribution as high as possible. Improvements in the 

 system of growing, cleaning and inspecting the grain are there- 

 fore made from time to time whenever an opportunity occurs for 

 introducing any desirable change. 



In this building there is also a milling room where, by means 

 of a small roller-process mill, the flour required for the baking 

 tests is produced. 



Power for the threshing machine, the flour mill and the 

 grain cleaning machinery is supphed by an electric motor. 



The offices of the Dominion Cerealist and part of his staff 

 are situated in the main office building. Here also is located 

 the baking room where special apparatus, designed by the 

 Cerealist, has been installed for carrying on accurate bread- 

 making experiments to determine the relative value of various 

 wheats for the production of light bread, and for the study of 

 other related problems which are of particular interest to wheat 

 growers, millers and bakers. This work is of such great import- 

 ance that considerable time has been devoted to it. For various 

 reasons, the baking tests can be conducted most satisfactorily 

 during the winter and they are therefore confined as far as pos- 

 sible to that period. A large proportion of the tests for several 

 years have been carried on with the new cross-bred wheats 

 intended for introduction into the prairie provinces. Since the 

 highest market price is usually paid for those wheats only which 

 are capable of producing very light bread, the necessity for a 

 thorough study of the quality of each variety is apparent, so 

 that only those of desirable character may be distributed. 



New sorts of wheat produced at Ottawa and intended for 

 export purposes are always subjected to at least two series of 

 baking tests, in successive seasons, before decisions are reached 

 as to their suitability for general cultivation. 



Fields at Ottawa. 



Three fields at the Central Farm are allotted to the use of 

 the Cereal Division. These are of about eight to twelve acres 

 each and are designated on the map by the names, North Field, 

 East Field, and South Field. No permanent plan of the internal 

 divisions of these fields can be given, owing to the necessity for 

 constant rotation and shifting of the positions of the plots. 



The standard size of trial plot used at this Farm is one- 

 sixtieth of an acre (approximately, 14 x 51 ft.) the grain being 

 sown with a space, equivalent to one row of seed, omitted down 



