MENTAL EYOLUTION 141 



parts of the population, which at best was very scanty according 

 to modern standards. Hence it is not surprising to find signs 

 of distinct retrogression among the people of Europe at the height 

 of the last Glacial Epoch. The Neanderthal race persisted, 

 indeed, for its bones are found in caves with those of beasts of the 

 far north, such as the reindeer and Arctic lemming, but the adverse 

 climate denied it the privilege of inheriting Europe. 



The weakened Neanderthal people were replaced by the Cro- 

 Magnon race which had weathered the last Glacial Epoch in a 

 climate less severe and far more stimulating than that of central 

 Europe. Twenty or twenty-five thousand years ago, when the 

 height of this epoch was past, this artistic race with its highly 

 developed brains invaded Europe, apparently from the south. 

 Possibly they had evolved in the Mediterranean regions, or more 

 probably thej had migrated into the northern confines of Africa 

 from an Asiatic center farther east. There they probably lived 

 not far from the ancestors of the dark, long-headed Mediter- 

 ranean race which today dominates southern Europe, and of the 

 brown-haired, hazel-eyed, broad-faced Alpine race whose home is 

 in the mountainous center of Europe. These other races also 

 appear to have followed the lines marked out by climate. The 

 Mediterranean people quite surely came from Asia by way of 

 North Africa, while the Alpine race, coming later after the 

 climate had ameliorated, seems to have followed a more northern 

 route. Finally, perhaps six or seven thousand years ago, the 

 fair-hail-ed, long-headed Nordics from whom are descended the 

 bulk of the English, Scandinavians, and Germans, reached western 

 Europe by a still more northern route which caused them finally 

 to pour out of northern Europe southward in the great barbarian 

 invasions of historic times. 



At the height of the last Glacial Epoch the ancestors of many 

 races including the Cro-Magnons, the Mediterranean race, the 

 Alpine race, and the Nordics all appear to have lived in what we 

 have called the southern storm belt. There is reason to believe 



