NEW TYPES AMONG MEN 167 



because their "queerness" made them a misfit at home. It made 

 them great, however, in the world's history. Such immigrants, 

 unfortunately, are scanty now, but when a Russian Nihilist 

 marries a Spanish artist in the environment of Chicago, the chil- 

 dren are likely to be unusual. Thus new countries even more than 

 old cities are apt to produce mutants. It is not by accident that 

 Radosavljevich finds that the study of thousands of American 

 and European school children shows that while the average con- 

 ditions of height, weight, head- form, hair, lung capacity, dynamic 

 power, activity of the senses, and so forth, "are very much alike 

 for both American and European pupils, . . . the Americans 

 vary more than their European brothers and sisters at all the 

 school ages." Such variability promises men of genius, but it 

 also promises an equal number of exceptionally low and dangerous 

 types. 



Mixture of races is clearly not the only cause of the variability 

 that insures progress. The Jews furnish strong evidence of this, 

 for though they are one of the purest races they are also one of 

 the most variable. It is highly probable that they owe this char- 

 acteristic in part to some one or more factors which as yet are 

 completely beyond our ken. Nevertheless, a study of the Jews 

 suggests that the climatic conditions which seem to cause varia- 

 tions in butterflies, beetles, fruit flies, aphids, nurse-toads, and 

 mice may also cause similar variations in man. This is of such 

 great importance in guiding man's future development that we 

 shall consider it fully. We shall confine ourselves largely to the 

 Jews because they are the only race for which suflSciently full 

 data seem to be available. There is, however, every reason to 

 suppose that the lessons to be learned from the Jews apply to 

 all races. 



In studying the Jews we must satisfy ourselves as to three 

 points. First, is there good evidence that the Jewish race is 

 highly variable.'' Second, how far is the Jewish race a pure 



