Teachings of Thomas Huxley 71 



worth only a certain fixed sum, and any excess 

 over this in wages should be considered by him 

 as a gratuity. He does not earn more unless 

 he enables his employer to turn out a better, 

 more highly finished product as the result of his 

 independent efforts. As a matter of justice 

 capital should see to it, however, that labor is 

 rewarded by a sum sufficient to keep it at a high 

 level of perfection in the securing of food, 

 clothing, and habitat. 



ESSENTIALS OF INDUSTKIAL DEVELOPMENT. 



The question as to how employers should 

 teach employes the proper expenditure of their 

 wages is an ethical rather than an economical 

 one. It is, though, very important as influ- 

 encing the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the 

 laborer with his condition. Huxley thought it 

 very important that the workingman be taught 

 how to live. "To improve the condition under 

 which our industrial population lives, to amend 

 the drainage of densely peopled streets, to pro- 

 vide baths, to facilitate habits of thrift, to fur- 

 nish some provisions for instruction and amuse- 

 ment in public libraries and the like is not 

 only desirable but an essential condition of safe 

 industrial development." The laborer does 

 not need education so much as he needs en- 

 lightenment concerning the conditions necessary 

 to health and prosperity. Education sometimes 



