938 



LIFE : OUTLINES OF GENERAL BIOLOGY 



and predominant katabolism; there have been many other forkings 

 of the way; yet some of them are at least dimly discernible as 

 recurrences of these fundamental alternatives. We think of the 

 contrast between the single-celled and the many-celled; betw^een 

 the radially symmetrical and the bilateral; between the soft- 

 mouthed, feeding on microscopic particles and organisms, and the 

 hard-mouthed, feeding on materials that demand jaws; between 

 vegetarians and carnivores; between the instinctive little-brained 

 animals and the more intelligent big-brained animals ; between cold- 



FiG. 159. 



Bird's-eye View of Vertebrate or Backboned Animals, i, One of the per- 

 manently tailed small Tunicates, allied to Appendicularia; 2, a typical 

 degenerate Tunicate or Ascidian; 3, a lancelet or Amphioxus; 4, a 

 lamprey or Cyclostome; 5, a dogfish; 6, a bony fish or Teleostean, like 

 the cod; 7, the Australian Mudfish or Lungfish, Ceratodus; 8, a frog, a 

 type of Amphibia; 9, a lizard, a type of Reptilia; 10, a typical bird; 

 and II, a cat, a typical mammal. 



blooded and warm-blooded, between low blood-pressure and high; 

 between depression of or exaggeration of this or that endocrinal 

 gland — a contrast which extends, in part at least, to that between 

 phlegmatic and excitable, placid and sanguine, cautious and 

 adventurous. How many or how few of these and other biological 



antitheses can be correlated with the fundamental 77 ratio, we do 



K 



not yet venture to say; but more than may at first sight appear. 

 For this apparently simple statement of the ratio — is traceable 



into very intricate expressions: as with simple rhythm to complex 

 dance, so is it with life. 



