EVOLUTION 943 



cultivation, one came to feel that this elemental physiological 

 contrast — of more vegetative and more floral forms — had not been 

 sufficiently realised and kept in view in our predominantly morpho- 

 logical systematic tradition; and next came conviction, that our 

 science had as yet too largely been developed in urban fashion, 

 and by botanists who had practically remained in its leisure class. 

 For this, with all its advantage over the rustic in time for thinking, 

 and in accuracy of thought so far as it goes — j^et more or less 

 loses sight of his physiological viewpoint, and his hard-earned 

 life-experience of toilsome tending of the growth and blossom he 

 respectively desires, as in forest, field, and kitchen garden on one 

 side, to flower-garden on the other. 



Given here the problem of laying out "the natural orders" as 

 naturally as might be (yet within the limits imposed by buildings, 

 and necessary drives and paths for these) came for instance the 

 setting out of the monocotyledonous orders; and these arranged as 

 far as possible with the most floral arid strikingly developed to the 

 right hand, in this case generally east of the observer, and the more 

 vegetative — ^rushes, grasses, sedges, etc. — to the left, in this case 

 west: and since the same contrast is next observable within each 

 order, and often each genus, its species, and even varieties — to use 

 as far as possible the same graphic convention for all these. Thus, 

 beginning near the centre of this monocotyledonous range along an 

 extended walk, one placed the Liliaccc'e near the middle, with the 

 splendid lilies on the right side, and the smaller flowered and less 

 individually differentiated hyacinths on the other. On the right of 

 the lilies the yet more floral and less vegetative tulips; and among 

 these the comparatively bud-like "Darwins", to left of the ordinary 

 more showy "feathered" and "flamed" varieties, and with the 

 fantastically exaggerated {and more perishable) "Parrot" tulips 

 to their right again. Beyond such floral Liliaceae came the more 

 differentiated Amaryllids, with, e.g., the Narcissus species and 

 varieties again planted in the same way, from the simplest with 

 many small flowers to daffodils of great corona within corolla. 

 And so on, through allied and intervening orders, to the Orchids, 

 as extreme towards the right. 



For other familiar types, take first the Iris order (Iridace^e) since 

 everyone knows the Crocus, with its large and beautiful yet bud- 

 like blossom; and beyond it the Iris, so magnificently open, and 

 even with inner perianth (petals) thrown back. Beyond this, again, 

 Gladiolus, with its magnificent raceme of great blossoms, less 

 widely opened, but now bilaterally symmetrical. In Irises, as 

 gardens show, there are many species of very varied range of 

 flower-beauty, of which the commoner ones are the more hardy 

 and vegetative, the rarer more varied in splendour and less leafy; 

 and so for their garden varieties. The like for the garden Gladioli, 



