II26 LIFE : OUTLINES OF GENERAL BIOLOGY 



well, at once arouse admiring wonder; and though in natural science 

 the element of intellectual curiosity is the conspicuous factor, the 

 "interest" of its prosecution is still a deeply emotioned urge, behind 

 its observation and reasoning. Though this esthetic element may be 

 intellectually forgotten, it none the less sub-consciously remains; 

 and to intellectualise this in its turn, becomes the distinctive science 

 of Esthetics. This close association of physics with esthetics is indeed 

 perceptible throughout its history, and might be fully illustrated 

 from many lives of physicists and mathematicians, as from Pytha- 

 goras to Einstein. Biology too has obviously its accompanying 

 subjective science in Psychology, as we have in a former chapter 

 been tracing from Amoeba to Man. Next in the social field, though 

 psychology, of course, has to be carried far further than with 

 biology, we find distinctively developed the subjective world of 

 Ethics. 



Let us now take convenient symbol-labels for the sciences — the 

 three dimensions and Cartesian co-ordinates of mathematics, as 

 accompanied by the swirl of logic. The balance, for physical science, 

 is here accompanied by the rainbow, as conspicuous for its ever- 

 fresh esthetic appeal. The scarabaeus of biology, with its close-folded 

 wings needs accompaniment by the butterfly, as Psyche of imme- 

 morial psychology; and the book-symbol of the social heritage, with 

 its temporal and spiritual traditions and records, is here accom- 

 panied by the ancient ethic symbol of the Tables of the Law. In 

 this way our first page of "end-paper", as this volume's board is 

 opened, shows the summed and co-ordinated expression of all these 

 four dual fields of science. So if this be plain, is it not a clear case 

 of the utility of graphics ; as bringing together, and into simultaneous 

 consciousness, what otherwise requires the long linear stream of 

 words to express, and that less clearly ? 



So too for practical applications. To the great public, each and 

 all of these eight sciences too commonly seem strange, remote, and 

 unrelated; and though in the University we have each and all of 

 these, they remain insufficiently co-ordinated still. For each of us 

 has been too strictly confined to his single field; or rather, since 

 each is indeed a whole continent of thought, to some particular field 

 of his own within it. Whereas a synthetic diagram like this, first 

 gradually built upon the blackboard, or on our terrace aforesaid, 

 and this developed to comprehensive summary, and even here 

 towards decorative panel, can as easily be remembered in after life 

 as are the world's continents upon the map or globe. 



THE INTER-RELATIONS OF THE SCIENCES.— The further 

 development of our diagram, by the extension of each main science 

 towards the service of its successor, is similarly indicated; and though 

 for simplicity the symbols of logic, esthetics, and psychology, are not 



