i3o6 LIFE : OUTLINES OF GENERAL BIOLOGY 



simpler psychology that can go with it ; and into perhaps the most 

 complex field of sociology; and its deeper psychology as well. But 

 concepts and terms like these of spiritual powers and faiths, of 

 sacred city and of pilgrimage, are obviously all outside and beyond 

 the range of biology at its widest: since each and all are terms of 

 social heritage, beyond organic heredity, and thus above it in 

 significance and influence too. Everything biological, and bio- 

 psychological, in humanity is of course here open to observa- 

 tion as well: and studious pilgrims, with their scientific outlooks 

 and their practical endeavours are needed, indeed welcomed 

 and even employed. But the Church of the Sepulchre, the Dome 

 of the Rock, the Wall of Wailing, are each in their own way. 

 and yet more all taken together, main sociological foci of 

 Jerusalem ; and thus beyond biological interpretations merely, well- 

 nigh as much as merely physical ones: indeed, the physicist and 

 mathematician could come as near, in appreciating these domes, in 

 their own relatively simple ways. The man of science, at his present 

 strictest, may see these only as so many curious survivals, each of a 

 theological past for him faded and falling away, and so think such 

 heritages in way of dissolution into the everyday modem world, 

 which is so plainly in evidence aroimd them. Yet he needs only 

 a little more observation to find these heritages renewing, and in 

 modem form, instead of disappearing. For instance, there is the 

 Hebrew University, one with ambitions beyond others, now rising 

 upon the Mount of Scopas, a site chosen not merely for the supreme 

 outlook its name implies, but as that of Titus for that victorious 

 siege and apparently final destruction of the City, which is still 

 proudly commemorated upon his triumphal arch at Rome. And 

 when the biologist inquires further he will find that this University — 

 at once characteristically starting with modern bio-chemistry and 

 bacteriology as well as with classical Hebraic and cognate studies — 

 is not the only one : since Christian and Moslem are already planning 

 how to rival this; in fact beginning, so that that vastest of the 

 world's quadrangles, that of the ancient Temple, has again its 

 student commimity; and great sites are acquired for the Christian 

 Colleges of well nigh as many denominations as these have convents 

 ajid churches of old; and even for new ones as well. That these 

 theological traditions are all evolving, and to embrace and to 

 advance the scientific, as well as to maintain and to develop their 

 historic literary and linguistic heritages and more, is thus the 

 incipient social creation of New Jerusalem, the eighteenth or thereby; 

 for since the old metropolis of religions is giving birth to that of 

 education, only primarily for Israel, but also for the world's science 

 and learning, the other faiths, as just said, have had no choice but to 

 become ambitious too. Yet the "City of Peace" is not to be despaired 

 of coming to deserve its name : thus it is a hopeful sign that the 



