APPENDICES 1459 



tended to become plus royaliste que le rot. But it is also for each 

 of us who attach more value to those further and deeper-lying 

 factors of evolution which Darwin himself descried, though he could 

 not clearly foresee, to avoid spreading our sails too widely to each 

 new wind of doctrine, above all if it be our own favourite one. 



With this preamble, we are ready to consider the significance of 

 Darwin's work more clearly still. The study of variation has now 

 gone beyond his own endeavours — as indeed also to beyond Neo- 

 Darwinians, Eimerians, De Vriesians, or even Mendelians, and all 

 the rest of us, since each still too separately insistent. For it stands 

 ever open for other factors still; and, above all, looking towards 

 co-ordination of all the many variations-factors we can find or hope 

 for. Yet we must not lower the value of each and even all of these, 

 by failing to recognise that all variations whatever are, and have to 

 be, tested by their survival value, in that judgment-day for each 

 specific function- and form-variation, and its individuals and species 

 accordingly, which is ever going on. Hence we all have to return 

 to Darwin's vivid example, and utilise and apply it yet farther, 

 before we can fully understand the mingled fortunes of each type 

 and form of life in its urge and struggle between failure and success. 

 Here Darwin's own struggle is worth recalling. 



See him setting out, as active youth often has to do, with healthy 

 escape from school and university conventions into ever-widening 

 circles of eager scouting through Nature, and from truant's foot- 

 range to wide and open-eyed world exploration. See him thence 

 returning to ever more variedly observant and reflective quests, 

 and all towards building up the general concept of evolution, and 

 this from the geologic past up to the human present; hence con- 

 tinuing Lyell's evolutionary masterwork for geology on one hand, 

 and then marshalling, with magistral summing-up, all the main 

 lines of biologic knowledge into the evidences of organic evolution, 

 and at length fully realising his own great contribution of natural 

 selection to its interpretation. This was potently aided — as for 

 Wallace as well as himself — ^by help of the problem of human 

 population then so sharply posed by Malthus. Yet beyond this and 

 other help from the social and utilitarian economic thought of his 

 time, and supplementing this by rural participation in the practical 

 advances of agricultural and kindred labours of domestication and 

 breeding, he also shared in his own way the meditations of histo- 

 rians, and yet more utilised the discoveries of pre-history towards 

 the understanding of man's ascent. He even humanised this more 

 fully by his still fundamental evolutionary contribution to human 

 and comparative psychology in The Expression of the Emotions. 

 Again see him unravelling the ways of life, the simple mothering of 

 mammals, the courtship and song and nesting of birds, with their 



