APPENDICES 1465 



lished by the planting of its first botanic garden at Montpellier, 

 more than two generations later, by a Genevan Swiss, A. P. de 

 Candolle; and also in the British Museum by Robert Brown — 

 Humboldt's facile princeps botanicorum— the Scots traveller who 

 best explored the flora of Botany Bay, etc., and who had early 

 broken away from the extremest logical strictness of hierarchic 

 conservatism on record— that of his father's cottage parsonage and 

 episcopal palace in one. 



For final example, return to the evolution theory and its important 

 contributions. Take Kropotkin and his Mutual Aid, a sound and 

 valuable application of the social factors observable in animal life 

 and evolution; and this clearly suggested by his own life and experi- 

 ence of the co-operative and kindly ways he knew in the old Russian 

 village-communities, and the comradeship of labouring guildsmen 

 in the towns. Unlike previous naturalists, he was quite conscious 

 of this social indebtedness. And as we have come to realise this 

 suggestiveness of the more evolved human life towards the under- 

 standing of the ways of simplest beings, we also have learned 

 something, for our fundamental interests of biolog}^ and evolution, 

 from such experience in education and citizenship as we have found 

 opportunity for; and so have all confidence in passing on the recom- 

 mendation of such interesting and widening experiences to younger 

 nature-questioners in their turn. And this the more since without 

 some such experience of social life, and on its constructive lines of 

 evolution, they are only too liable to influence from those per- 

 versions of Darwinism so long and still current in the competitive, 

 mechanistic, and militant world of "progress" — on lines of evolution 

 we cannot but think other than those of nature or society towards 

 their best. 



If the reader doubt the above endeavours to correlate scientific 

 advances and discoveries (and limitations or errors also) with the 

 antecedent life-experience of their initiators, it may be replied 

 (i) that these attempts are in keeping with the rationally interpre- 

 tative biographic method now increasingly familiar and acceptable, 

 even in other and more difficult cases and fields. Also (2) from the 

 outlook of life at its widest — including psychological and social 

 aspects and factors — all such attempts to correlate new and signi- 

 ficant thought-adaptations (or mis-adaptations) with their eco- 

 psychologic conditions, are legitimate parts of developmental and 

 evolutionary inquiry; and thus complemental to the more familiar 

 study of heredity, of course also needing to be pursued as far as 

 may be. 



