14 DISEASES OF THE AIR-PASSAGES. 



The same difference of structure and economy will;, in a 

 measure^ serve to account for the extreme proneness of the 

 horse to pulmonary affections. The nostrils being in him 

 large and expanded for the free admission of air, the mem- 

 brane lining the nose becomes so much the more exposed and 

 obnoxious to changes of temperature^ as well as to noxious 

 effluvia in the air; whence it follows^ that inflammation is the 

 more likely to be set up in the nasal membrane, and from that 

 creep into the larynx and windpipe, and settle upon the lungs. 



This membrane being so very subject to disease, being 

 the seat of catarrh, of cough, of sore throat, of glanders, of 

 roaring often, and of inflammation in the bronchial tubes, 

 well deserves our particular attention, and (to the extent that 

 we are able to examine it) frequent inspection. On opening 

 either nostril we discover its surface displaying a dotted, 

 shining, humid aspect, of a more or less carnation hue, 

 without any collected mucus upon it, that being one of the 

 earliest indications of disease. It is a part we should 

 never fail to examine in passing a horse in regard to sound- 

 ness; it is a part which calls for our especial examination 

 in all cases comprehended in the class of "Diseases of the 

 Air-Passages.^' 



CATARRH. 



Derivation. — Catarrhus, from KarappEU), defluo, I flow 

 down. 



Synonymy. — A cold, a defluxion, a discharge, or a run- 

 ning at the nose. 



Definition. — A sero-mucous defluxion from (commonly) 

 both nostrils ; increased redness of the Schneiderian mem- 

 brane ; oozing of tears, and sometimes mucus, from the 

 corners of the eyes ; swellings underneath the jaws ; snort- 

 ing ; cough ; sore throat ; with or without febrile disorder. 



The vulgar and vague appellation of "Cold^^ has, 

 among professional men, very properly given place to the 

 more definite and intelligible one of catarrh .' there being 

 almost invariably more or less nasal defluxion. Hardly any 

 two persons attach the same meaning to the word cold : both 



