PLEURISY. 127 



The treatment afterwards was such as is ordinarily pursued ; 

 but to no purpose. The pain he manifested was extreme. 

 He would rub his nose against the rail across the door-way 

 of the box, thrust his lips violently against it, and sink liis 

 eyes with suffering. He was twice seen to lay down, but 

 immediately rose again. Towards the conclusion, a bloody 

 issue appeared at the nose. Before death he became 

 delirious, and expired in dreadful agony. Water within 

 both sides of the chest — from six to eight quarts. Pleura 

 intensely inflamed : costal portion every where most minutely 

 and thickly injected; pulmonary portion likewise injected, 

 but it had also become gangrenous — it exhibited a green hue. 

 Lungs partially tuberculated ; otherwise, and particularly in 

 their interior, they were sound. 



The kinds or forms of pleurisy are two — acute and 

 chronic : one may follow tbe other ; or the chronic kind, as 

 well as the acute, may exist by itself. Although consisting, 

 as far as we know, both in inflammation, they appear quite 

 opposite diseases : one is full of activity and expressions of 

 pain and irritation ; the other comparatively painless, tardy 

 in its progress, and apt to continue many weeks before it 

 comes to any issue. 



The most likely subjects for pleurisy are horses four 

 and five years old, about completing their growth, and 

 entering into the adult period of their lives, inhabiting- 

 warm stables, and living high. 



Causes. — Any sudden or extra exertion, any exposure to 

 cold, immersion in cold water of the legs or body while the 

 skin is heated, or even a large draught of cold water at such 

 a time, may be followed by an attack of pleurisy. Injury 

 to the membrane, such as a broken rib, or a severe blow or 

 fall upon the side, might be productive of a pleurisy; but this 

 occurrence is rather unlikely to happen. By chemical stimu- 

 lating matters introduced into the cavity of the chest, 

 pleurisy has been artificially excited. 



The attack of acute pleurisy may be sudden ; or 

 there maybe some previous indisposition, in which incipient 

 form it may be confounded with pneumonia or even 



