15Ji DISEASES OF THE LUNGS. 



ADHESIONS. 



In speaking of the effusion of lym]3h as a sequel of 

 pleurisy, I described it as assuming in the dead body vari- 

 ous forms, such as bands, filaments, cobweb-like tissue, &c. 

 When any of these are found attached to the opposed sur- 

 faces of the pleura, in such manner as to create permanent 

 unions between the pulmonary and costal portions of that 

 membrane, they are called adhesions. As such, they may 

 either consist of recent exudations, and consequently, from 

 their extreme softness and want of tenacity, be very liable 

 to be torn through, leaving pendulous shreds in their places; 

 or they may acquire firmness and consistence, and in the 

 end become organized and permanent adhesions. At first, 

 they probably give rise to more or less pain, from the 

 inconvenience they occasion to the play of the lungs within 

 the chest ; though, after a time, this uneasiness would appear 

 to cease or diminish, from the adhesions becoming stretched 

 and accommodated. It is not often, however, that we find old 

 permanent adhesions in horses — not near so frequently as in 

 men ; and the reason seems to be, that horses are not in 

 general the subjects of those chronic attacks and relapses of 

 pleuritic disease to which, in our changeable climate and 

 with our irregular habits of life, our own bodies are so ob- 

 noxious. For an account of the formation of adhesions, and 

 of the short period of time in which they are, in horses, 

 occasionally produced, I must refer mv reader back to 

 " Effusion." 



HEMORRHAGE FROM THE LUNGS HcBmO^ptySlS. 



This is of rare occurrence among horses; though, from 

 the use and abuse made of them, it might be suspected to be 

 otherwise. When it docs happen, it must be regarded as an 

 affection of danger ; though, of course, this must depend on 

 the origin, nature, and extent of the case. There appear 

 to be three sources whence the blood may issue : the bron- 

 chial membrane, the air-cells, and the parenchyma of the 



