HEMORRHAGE FROM THE LUNGS. 153 



lung. Horses whose sanguiniferoiis systems are in a state 

 of plethora, are in high condition or very fat, and whose 

 work, though trifling in general, may on occasions amount 

 to violent feats or performances, would seem to be the espe- 

 cial subjects of hemorrhage from membranous tissues ; such 

 tissues being, in plethoric habits, overcharged with blood, 

 and consequently, on any extraordinary effort or exertion, 

 liable to give way — to have their loaded and distended 

 vessels ruptured ; though the emission may be owing to 

 over-force of circulation, and, thus arising, be said to be 

 " spontaneous." 



There is a form of haemoptysis, described by Laennec, on 

 account of its anatomical characters, under the appellation 

 of " pulmonary apoplexy;" which is produced by an effusion 

 of blood into the air-cells. It is manifested after death by 

 patchy indurations of a very dark red, whose interior is 

 granulated the same as hepatized lungs; though in other 

 respects these two pulmonic indurations are entirely diffe- 

 rent. I have seen and recorded something like this in 

 horses : but I cannot just now lay my hand upon the cases. 



Lesion of the substance of the lung, I apprehend to 

 be the cause of the hemorrhage in those cases of hsemop- 

 tysis in which death happens suddenly, and without any 

 previous or premonitory ailment. The horse, during work 

 or exercise, or, it is possible, in the act of excessive coughing, 

 staggers, falls, and dies. My respected predecessor, Mr. 

 Bloxam, has, within the space of nine years, registered 

 three cases of this description ; one is entered as " hemor- 

 rhage in the lungs ;" the other two as " effusion of blood in 

 the lungs ;" and one of the three horses dropped down and 

 died while exercising in watering order. Hunting, racing, 

 hard bursts of galloping of any kind, dragging heavy loads, 

 are all occasional causes of this description of hsemoptysis. 

 The same may likewise happen from ulceration of the lungs 

 in phthisis. 



The SYMPTOMS of ordinary haemoptysis — that which 

 arises from emissions from the bronchial membrane — are, 

 defluxions of blood from both nostrils, commonly of the 



