GASTRIC CONCRETIONS. 297 



cretions under three heads : — Alimentary j urinary, and 

 casual or occasional. In the first class he places stomacMcal 

 or gastric concretions, and intestinal ; in the second, renal and 

 vesical; in the third, salivary, hepatic, &c. In regard 

 to gastric concretions, he observes — '^ Horses affected with 

 bulimia will eat earth, stones, and various other matters ; 

 but such substances do not constitute true calculi, nor will 

 they ever become converted into them. Millers' horses are 

 said to be very liable to calculous concretions in the stomach, 

 arising from their being fed on refuse bran or pollard; 

 their nuclei consisting of pieces of granite or grit from the 

 mill-stone, or of some adventitious substance which has been 

 swallowed.^' Mr. Stanley, V.S., Leamington, sent Mr. 

 Morton an account of a miller's horse he attended, with 

 paroxysms of pain, who voided no feeces for six days, though 

 on the seventh he did ; and all was thought " going on well :" 

 when, next day, he died. Two large calculi were found in 

 the stomach, one weighing 41bs., the other 51bs.; the latter 

 being "wedged in between the pylorus and duodenum,causing 

 inflammation and death.'' — "I believe the existence of two 

 such calculi in the stomach to be rare." 



" It is no uncommon circumstance for hard substances to 

 be found within the stomachs of horses. I have seen several 

 specimens. They were chiefly calcareous. The largest I 

 ever saw was taken from a horse of my father's that died of 

 old age, after having worked in a clay-mill for a number of 

 years. I think this was nearly as large as an ostrich's e^^, 

 and not very dissimilar in appearance ; it was of an argilla- 

 ceous nature, and was, doubtless, formed of the fine dust of 

 the clay which the horse was continually imbibing with his 

 food. Its nucleus was the large end (about half) of an old 

 nail. I believe they are always found to contain a nucleus." 



Thus much, on the subject before us, writes a correspon- 

 dent, who signs himself J.F., of The Hippiatrist for 1830. 



In The Vetermarian for 1837 is to be found the case of 

 an Andalusian horse, reported by M. Blavette, V.S., who 

 was, in addition to being a notorious crib-l)iter, a depraved 

 feeder, '^ Neither manger nor rack, nor the fragments of 



