372 DISEASES OF THE INTESTINES. 



else from the canal or aperture through which it has made 

 its escape. 



On the DIFFERENT KINDS OF Hernia met with in veteri- 

 nary practice, we may reckon, as distinct in their situation 

 and pathological characters, four : others being either but 

 extensions or modifications of these, and of comparatively 

 rare occurrence. 



1. Inguinal Hernia is intestine protruding through and 

 forming a tumour within the inguinal canal; which, continuing 

 its protrusion through the external and internal abdominal 

 rings, and lodging within the scrotum, becomes scrotal hernia. 



2. Umbilical Hernia, intestine protruding through the 

 navel or umbilicus and forming a swelling there which is so 

 called. 



3. Ventral Hernia including all protrusions through any 

 part of the parietes of the abdomen, in any other situation or 

 part, 



4. Diaphragmatic or Phrenic Hernia is the name given 

 whenever intestine or any other viscus happens to have found 

 its way through the substance of the diaphragm : should it 

 become lodged within the chest, it is now and then called 

 Thoracic Hernia, 



The PART PROTRUDED ill hcmia is, commonly, either 

 the intestine or the omentum, or both. Every abdominal 

 viscus, however — ^nay, even the thoracic and cerebral too — 

 must be regarded as liable to become hernial. To a French 

 veterinary surgeon, M. Sanitos, occurred the very singular 

 case of hernia of the bladder. The horse had the usual 

 symptoms of colic, and on examination was discovered, 

 towards the inguinal ring, on the right side, a tumour as 

 large as a man^s fist, separated, as it were, from the scrotum, 

 and hanging considerably below it ; and so large did it 

 become, that it required to be suspended by a bandage. 



Another Division of Hernia is into reducible, irredu- 

 cible, and strangulated. When tlie contents of the tumour 

 admit of being returned into the abdomen, the hernia is said 

 to be a '^ reducible'-' one ; but when, either in consequence 

 of their bulkiness, or their adhesion to the sac containing 



