CYSTIC OR VESICAL CALCULI. 505 



empty and firmly contracted upon it." On a subsequent day Mr. Sewell 

 renewed the examination, " when the bladder was nearly full," and could 

 then " move the stone very readily." The horse was admitted a patient 

 on the 14th of February. On the 26th "he appeared in a favorable 

 state for the operation of lithotomy. The horse was accordingly cast and 

 secured, turned upon his back, with his hind legs drawn forwards to the 

 shoulders." The penis being drawn out, a three-foot whalebone staff was 

 introduced as far as the perinaeum, and the urethra opened by an incision 

 about three inches in length. A grooved sound was then passed straight 

 into the bladder, and the stone was distinctly felt, and heard on being 

 struck. It was attempted to be extracted without cutting open the pelvic 

 portion of the urethra and neck of the bladder, by being readily grasped 

 with the forceps, assisted by pressure made upon the calculus by the left 

 hand introduced into the rectum ; but being too large, these parts were 

 laid open by lateral incision, made with a strong curved and probe- 

 pointed bistoury. It was then by the same means, but with considerable 

 force, brought gradually forward to the perinaeum, where it was forcibly 

 contracted upon, and a farther extension of the external incision was 

 necessarily made to effect its removal." — " The hemorrhage was not very 

 great or alarming ; but it was thought best to secure a perineal vessel with 

 ligature." — " The calculus is of the mulberry kind, very rough, of a de- 

 pressed oval form, weighing nearly three ounces. It has no distinct 

 nucleus. Dr. Prout having obligingly undertaken to analyse it, found it 

 composed principally of carbonate of lime, some phosphate of lime, and a 

 little phosphate of magnesia." " The horse immediately after the operation 

 became tranquil and cheerful, and the pulse by the evening fell to the 

 healthy standard, and so continued until the following day, when, being 

 rather agitated by numerous visitors, it rose to 38, and by night to 45. Four 

 quarts of blood were taken from the jugular vein, a mild purge given, 

 and frequent clysters." — " February 2"^, Pulse 40 and 44 ; bowels relaxed. 

 — March 1, Pulse 44; purge and clysters repeated." The pulse con- 

 tinued down ; and the bowels were kept open by aperient doses of aloes 

 and clysters. The urine passed partly by the wound until March 2, on 

 which day, the parts being healed, all of it flowed through the natural 

 channel. The horse is daily exercised, and fit to be discharged." — 

 * Veterinarian,' for 1829 from the ' Medical Gazette.' 



In reply to a letter requesting to be informed of the result 

 of this case, Professor Sewell kindly sent me the following 

 particulars ; and annexed to them brief accounts of two other 

 cases which have occurred at the Veterinary College : 



After being discharged on the 2d of April, the horse was turned out 



