CYSTIC OR VESICAL CALCULI. 507 



about an inch and a half in length; and then, introducing a pair of for- 

 ceps, I took hold of the stone, and broke it down. This was the more 

 easily effected from the circumstance of the stone being of a conglome- 

 rated texture. I then gradually removed the substance, piecemeal, which 

 when collected together, weighed upwards of eight ounces." The calculus 

 was analysed by Dr. Murray, and found to be composed of forty parts of 

 carbonate of lime, sixty of animal matter, apparently mucus of the bladder 

 and albumen indurated. A twelvemonth afterwards Mr. Pope found the 

 mare " about as ill as ever." " There was new stone formed ; but the 

 urine was mixed with sand." Mr. Pope tried muriatic acid, but gave it 

 up from the difficulty of administering it. At length she was destroyed. 

 Autopsy : The left kidney greatly enlarged ; the right less than usual, 

 and containing, in its pelvis, a stone weighing one ounce and a half, and 

 in its tubuli several small calculii. " Most of the tubuli uriniferi were 

 enlarged into cysts, containing, in both kidneys, a mixture of sand, urine, 

 and pus." The parenchymatous substance was rotten, crumbling down 

 between the fingers. Mr. Pope concludes with the conviction that the 

 mare must soon have died from emaciation ; that her whole complaint 

 was in the kidneys ; that it was incurable ; and that applications to the 

 bladder were futile. — 'The Veterinarian' for 1833. 



The following case comes from Mr. C. Taylor, V.S. Not- 

 tingham. It is one doubly interesting, from the circum- 

 stance of its introducing a new instrument to our notice : 



Mr. Taylor was called to attend a chestnut hunter, belonging to Mr* 

 Wright, a surgeon, whom Mr. Taylor afterwards assisted in his opera- 

 tion. " The horse passed bloody urine, with frequent attempts to 

 evacuate the bladder, and which took place almost invariably after exer- 

 cise, and more so after quick exertion." On examination, Mr. Taylor 

 discovered " a solid body about the size of a pullet's cg^ within the blad- 

 der, near its neck, and which was moveable." Prior to operating, ]\Ir. 

 Taylor was desirous to try if he could not invent some sort of sound 

 which would pass at once into the bladder ; and in this he succeeded. 

 " It was of polished round Iron, three feet long, one inch and a half in 

 circumference, with eight joints at its further extremity," or rather half- 

 joints, so that the moveable part could only act in a straight line and 

 curve in one direction, and be perfectly smooth either when straight or 

 bent^ Here the instrument is represented both in its straight and curved 

 state. 



' For a minute description of the instrument see * The Veterinarian ' for 

 1834. 



