URETHRAL CALCULUS. 513 



then tried, but its arms could not be extended sufficiently to 

 clutch the stone. The forceps were therefore again had re- 

 course to, and portions broken away with them of the 

 edges of the stone, until it was sufficiently reduced in mag- 

 nitude to admit of being withdrawn. The second case was 

 one of calculus in the urethra. 



Professor Simonds has likewise operated for stone. 

 A mare was ascertained to have a calculus in her bladder, 

 and he was requested to operate. The meatus, it was de- 

 termined, should be dilated, and the stone crushed. After 

 trials with the speculum vagina, nothing was found so effec- 

 tual as an hydrostatic dilator, an instrument invented by 

 Mr. Morton. Then, by the crushing instrument, with 

 considerable force, the stone was broken in pieces and ex- 

 tracted with the forceps, and with the hand too, without 

 difficulty. The stone, analysed, was found to consist of the 

 usual constituents — carbonate of lime and animal matter. 



URETHRAL CALCULUS. 



By which is meant calculus lodged within some part of the 

 canal of the urethra. Several instances of this are on our 

 annals. A great many years ago, a case occurred to my 

 father, in which a stone was removed out of the anterior 

 portion of the urethra, near the end of the penis. This 

 proved to be but a part of a stone, the remainder of which 

 had stuck in the neck of the bladder, whence it had, after 

 manipulation, moved, spontaneously, to the curvature of the 

 canal, under the pubes. The horse ultimately died from 

 ulcerated bladder iind extravasation of urine. 



Mr. Field was, in March, 1839, sent for to Strcatham, 

 to see a horse who had been in pain for a week, straining 

 without being able to pass a drop of urine for two days. 

 The horse was feverish ; pulse 48, and thready. The blad- 

 der, through the rectum, M'as found enormously distended with 

 urine. The cause soon appeared evident. AVithin a short dis- 

 tance of its end, the urethra was found plugged by a calculus, 

 the size of a walnut, which could be felt with the nail of the 



II. 33 



