514 DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 



finger, from tlie orifice. A longitudinal incision along the 

 under surface of the penis, opening the urethra for an inch, 

 set the stone at liberty. It was of the mulberry form, with 

 spiculse projecting, and its posterior part was partly filled with 

 sabulous matter. 



Professor Spooner^s second case was one of calculus in 

 the urethra. The horse belonged to Sir Robert Peel. 

 Some difficulty was experienced in passing the hand up the 

 rectum, owing to the pressure against it of the over- 

 distended bladder. At length, a calculus was detected, two 

 inches up the urethra, from the orifice of the penis. Mr. 

 Spooner was unable to move the stone far, and there would 

 have been no particular objection to cutting it out ; but 

 he preferred breaking it, which he was enabled to do with 

 obtusely-pointed forceps, although he had tried with them 

 in vain, to extract it entire. The stone was of the magni- 

 tude of a walnut, and consisted of carbonate of lime with 

 animal matter : the usual constituents. 



In France, lithotomy has on several occasions, by differ- 

 ent practitioners, been performed with success. Girard 

 recommends the operation upon the horse standing. And 

 instead of introducing any sound or bougie through the penis, 

 has the urethra and bladder filled by injection with warm 

 water. The instruments he uses are, a long-bladed bistoury, 

 a straight fluted sound, and a pair of forceps curved at the 

 ends. He commences with an incision in the perinseum, 

 two inches in length, upon the side of the distended urethra. 

 Next, he pushes the point of the bistoury into the urethra, 

 which he dilates sufficiently to admit the sound to be now 

 introduced, and to be passed onward into the bladder. Sliding 

 the back of the bistoury along the groove in the sound, he 

 divides the urethra, and also, in part, the neck of the blad- 

 der, which latter he completes the section of as he with- 

 draws the bistoury. Lastly, lie introduces the forceps, and 

 seizes the stone across its short axis, in which he assists 

 himself by having at the time his other hand insinuated in 

 recto. He lays much importance on the necessity of 

 making the incision through the urethra and bladder ob- 



