6 



GLANDERS. 



The Derivation of our word glanders is traceable through the 

 French language, from which we appear to have borrowed it, to 

 the Latin roots glandula and glans : the latter signifying any fruit 

 kernel, such as a chestnut or acorn ; the former, its diminutive, any 

 small fruit kernel ; and both afterwards used in medicine to denote 

 the glands of the body, many of which — such as were then so 

 called — are small and comparable, both in shape and size, to acorns 

 or other kernels. Celsus applies the term glandula to a swelling 

 in the neck, supposed to be glandular* ; and Vegetius uses the 

 same to denote swollen glands " between the cheek-bones and 

 lower jaws:" from his saying, however, that the glandules are 

 " especially troublesome to foales^l' it would appear the disease 

 he meant to describe was not glanders, but strangles. The 

 French veterinarians, following the ancient phraseology, called 

 a horse exhibiting any submaxillary tumour or enlargement, 

 glande; not with any especial reference to glanders, but simply be- 

 cause his glands or " kernels," as our farriers denominate them, had 

 become enlarged : hence with the French a horse was said to be 

 glande de goiirme, as well di^ glande de morve Q,nd glaiide defarcinX- 

 It seems to have been our English writers on farriery who have 

 restricted the application of the term to the foul and malignant 

 disease now known under that appellation : before then, glanders 

 appears to have had no other meaning save that the horse had 

 tumefied glands, or that, in the farrier's phrase, " his kernels had 

 come down." The French call the disease la morve. A horse, 

 however, in the estimation of Lafosse, is not to be regarded as 

 having la morve proprement dite, unless he be glande or have 

 tumefaction of his glands. 



* De medicina. 



f De Arte Veterinaria. 



\ Glande (cheval) est celui qui a line glande sous la ganache, plus 

 apparente que dans I'etat naturel, ou qui a une tumefaction sous la ganache : 

 on dit glande de gourme, de morve, de farcin. — DicUonnaire (THippiatrique, 

 par M. Lafosse. 



