162 SYMPTOMS OF GLANDERS. 



Definition. — Glanders consists in a discharge, from one or 

 both nostrils, of matter which by transfer or inoculation will pro- 

 duce the disease in another animal (of the equine or human species), 

 and which discharge is, sooner or later, accompanied by vascular 

 injection and chancrous ulceration of the Schneiderian membrane, 

 by tumefaction of the submaxillary lymphatic glands, and by farcy. 



SYMPTOMS OF GLANDERS. 



Discharge from the nose, enlargement of the submaxillary 

 lymphatic glands, vascular injection or inflammation of the mem- 

 brane lining the nose and different sinuses of the head, thickening, 

 ulceration of it, mortification, exfoliation of the septal cartilage and 

 turbinated bones, constitute the local and characteristic symptoms 

 of glanders : they may be, and occasionally are, all present ; com- 

 monly but two of them make their appearance in the incipient 

 stages of the sub-acute and in the chronic forms of the disease, 

 which two, or even one without the other, may be sufficient to 

 constitute a case of glanders. 



CONSTITUTIONAL DISORDER, either to a degree to 

 attract the notice of those who look after the animal, or so slight 

 as to be detectible by the professional attendant alone, invariably 

 attends or ushers in an attack of glanders. There may or may 

 not be palpable depression of spirits, and disinclination or indif- 

 ference for food; there will be, more or less, discoverable in- 

 dications of fever, such as increase of pulse, heat and dryness of 

 mouth, heavy and watery appearance of the eyes, roughness and 

 opacity of the coat. The horse may not be thought or called 

 " amiss" by the groom, and yet the veterinary surgeon finds in 

 him evident signs of indisposition. A great many years ago, an 

 old and much-respected professional friend of mine, Mr. Berring- 

 ton, formerly veterinary surgeon to the staff corps of cavalry, and 

 late of the cavalry depot at Maidstone, drew my attention to this 

 premonitory or accompanying disorder of the first stage of gland- 

 ers ; and subsequent observation not only confirmed in my mind 



