168 SYMPTOMS OF GLANDERS. 



greatest reliance as denoting the presence of glanders. The 

 simple circumstance of its appearance is enough to arouse the 

 strongest suspicions ; while that of its appearing in the form of 

 chancre is conclusive. Scratch the Schneiderian membrane with a 

 pin or a nail — wound it in any ordinary way — and the result will 

 be a sore of a common nature; bleeding at first, but, subsequently, 

 without the generation perhaps of pus, granulating, and so in the 

 usual mode healing : but, introduce into this scratch virus taken 

 from a glandered or farcied animal, and the result will be that, 

 losing all disposition to heal, the lesion will inflame and secrete an 

 ichorous matter, and become converted into a transparent vesicle, 

 surrounded by an areola or circular blush upon the membrane. The 

 next day the vesicle has broken, and we perceive in the place of 

 it, a pale, foul, superficial ulceration, which in the course of another 

 day acquires the genuine characters of the glanderous chancre — 

 an elevated, circular, pinkish border, including a base of dingy or 

 faint yellow albuminous matter, which on being wiped or irritated 

 commences bleeding, and, on the matter being removed, exposes, 

 when the ulcer is deep, the bare cartilage beneath ; when super- 

 ficial, a red spotted, rugged, foul, bleeding bottom. From its tend- 

 ency to spread, the ulcer speedily loses its circular figure, exchang- 

 ing that for one too irregular and variable in shape to admit of any 

 further characterization : it has, in fact, now become a foul spreading 

 ulceration, extending on every side, coalescing with similar ulcer- 

 ations in its vicinity, having for its base the cartilage of the sejitum 

 nasi, which alone, from its comparative insusceptibility of the 

 ulcerative action, puts a temporary arrest to its devouring activity. 

 It is when the ulcers have eaten down to the substance of the 

 cartilage, or when others that are situated high up in the meatus 

 of the nose, out of sight, have laid bare the turbinated bones, and 

 that the substance of the cartilage and bone becomes attacked by 

 the disease, that mortification and sloughing or exfoliation of these 

 parts takes place, they being too lowly vitalized to carry on the 

 ulcerative process : at this time it is likewise that discharges, foul 

 to a degree and fetid past bearing, of a dirty green, or brown, or 

 blackish nature, are running in great profusion, bringing with them 

 sloughs of bone and cartilage, and clos^ging and obstructing the 



