170 SYMPTOMS OF GLANDERS. 



septum. They are found also grouped within the fold of the ala 

 nasi, particularly on the left side, and upon the turbinated promi- 

 nences and their appendices." 



ENLARGEMENT OF THE SUBMAXILLARY LYM- 

 PHATIC GLANDS — kernels as they are called by grooms — bu- 

 boes, as they might with strict pathological propriety be denominat- 

 ed were they seated in the groin instead of underneath the jaw — 

 is in general the earliest external indication we have of the approach 

 of glanders. In cases of inoculation, swollen glands are perceptible 

 on the third day, ulceration appearing on the fourth. These swell- 

 ings owe their origin to the irritation created within the nose, the 

 same as buboes are occasioned by irritation set up in the organs of 

 generation ; and in horses as well as in man the lymphatic glands 

 may become tumefied from common as well as from specific irrita- 

 tion : a tight shoe may occasion a buboe in a man ; and I have 

 known common injuries, wounds about the nose or mouth, or in 

 the limbs, occasion the same thing in horses, though in the latter 

 the case is comparatively rare. At first, the submaxillary swelling 

 in glanders is commonly small and round, isolated and moveable ; 

 or it may be that more glands than one are enlarged, and then the 

 swelling will have a sort of lobulous as well as loose feel. Now 

 and then the tumefaction will be so great at first that we may 

 suppose it to be an attack of strangles. I have known the swelling 

 altogether to be of that magnitude that it has projected beneath 

 the lower border of the under jaw : indeed, its magnitude may 

 be said to vary, taking the extreme cases, from a horse-bean to a 

 goose-egg. D'Arboval has well observed, in regard to these 

 swellings, that "their smallness is never to be received as a proof 

 that no glanders is present;" and he adds, "while their multipli- 

 city, especially their successive development one after another, is 

 ever a symptom for alarm." On their first development these 

 swellings are in general painful to pressure, and particularly when 

 their development has been quick, when they have in a short time 

 grown to large size, evincing thereby acuteness in the disease : 

 in cases, however, in which they have never acquired much mag- 

 nitude, but remained single and stunted, or disinclined to enlarge, 

 becoming firmer in substance and fixed in their situation, they 



