CAUSES OF GLANDERS. 203 



" The preceding Experiments leave the contagion of 

 glanders no longer a matter of doubt. By contagious matter 

 applied to the nasal membrane, it is proved to be communicable, 

 and more readily to asses than to horses. In other ways, however, 

 such as through cohabitation, the employment of articles or uten- 

 sils used by glandered animals, or the introduction of glandered 

 matter into wounds made in other parts of the body, the disease is 

 by no means so readily communicable ; and as for the transplanta- 

 tion of diseased lymphatic glands and transfusion, the disease does 

 not appear to be producible at all in either of such ways ; although, 

 in regard .0 the latter, some veterinarians have maintained the 

 contrary*." 



Fromage Defeugre, 1815, the presumed author of "Morve," 

 in Rozier's " Dictionnaire d'Agriculturet," &c. tells us that he, at 

 one time, " fell into the popular opinion of glanders being a conta- 

 gious disease, and even went so far as to prescribe means for its 

 prevention : at the present time, however," continues this author, 

 "from a multitude of observations I have made personallv, I believe 

 that glanders is not contagious. It originates in one horse, as in a 

 great number, from individual predisposition, from aliments, from 

 work, from habitation. I have seen the disease attack a number 

 of horses on a sudden from having fed on damaged hay ;" " or 

 having eaten ship corn that has speared, and had afterwards lime 

 mixed with it, to make it appear dry." — " Horses that dealers call 

 rotten will also have it;" and ''certain waters will produce it;" — 

 " heating aliments, over-work in posting and coaching establish- 

 ments;" — "catching cold from standing while over-heated;" — "im- 

 mersion in cold water, rivers, &c." — " Sometimes the disease ap- 

 pears as the sequel of neglected catarrh, strangles, quitter, canker, 

 mange, water-farcy treated by repercussives. The disease has 



* Memoires et Observations sur la Chirurgie et la Medecine Vet^rinaires, 

 par J. B. Gohier, Professeur d' Operations et de Maladies a I'Ecole Imperiale 

 Vet^rinaire de Lyon, torn, iii, 1813. 



t The article "Morve" has the signature (F) affixed to it in the Dictionar}^ ; 

 and from Fromage Defeugr^ being the only one among the authors given in 

 the title-page whose name begins with F, we take him to be the writer of the 

 article in question. 



