SEAT AND NATURE OF GLANDERS. 253 



Hippocrates, was acquainted with the disease, and has, in its con* 

 firmed stage, pronounced the malady incurable. 



Vegetius, who wrote in the fourth century, has described one 

 disorder he has called morbus humidus, and another he has named 

 morbus farciminosiis, the former of which some of his veterinary 

 interpreters have said was glanders, the latter farcy. His descrip- 

 tions, however, to say the least about them, are very vague and 

 indefinite, at one time seeming to mean something more, at another 

 something less than glanders and farcy. 



" The humid disease {jnorbus humidus) is when from a horse's 

 nostrils, instead of snot, there flows a stinking and thick humour, 

 of a pale colour. A horse thus affected has a great heaviness in his 

 head, and hangs it down. The tears fall from his eyes, and there 

 is a whizzing noise in his breast. He becomes thin and meagre, 

 with his hair standing on end, and of sad aspect. This disease the 

 ancients called the Attican flux, or running at the nose. But 

 whensoever a bloody humour or like to saffron begins to flow from 

 the nostrils, then he is incurable, and near death's door*." 



Leonard Mascal, 1587, our earliest writer, like the ancients, 

 had no correct notions of glanders as a disease by itself. He tells 

 us, ''glanders are kernels under the jawes, and when they be ripe, 

 they will run at the nose and there break outt." 



Blundeville, 1609, writing in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 

 the next authority we have, I believe, extant on the subject 

 before us, appears to have made some progress in the knowledge 

 of the fluxes or humid diseases of the ancients, for he instituted 

 distinctions between glaunders and Strang uillion, though he treated 

 them both alike. He imbibed Theomnqstris' notion, that difference 

 of colour in the nasal discharges constituted a difference in the 

 disease itself. He thought " glaunders" originated in cold, and 

 that " last of all" came " mourning of the chine|." 



Gervaise Markham, 1630, was equally in the dark. He 



* Vegetius Renatus, of the Distempers of Horses, translated into English by 

 the author of Columella. London, 1748. 



t The Government of Cattel, divided into three Bookes. Gathered by 

 Leonard Mascal. London, 1620. 



X The Four chiefest Offices belonging to Horsemanship : that is to say, 

 The Office of the Breeder, of the Rider, of the Keeper, and of the Ferrer. By 

 Master Blundeville, of Newton Flotman, in Norfolke, 1608. 



