256 SEAT AND NATURE OF GLANDERS, 



pathology to the improvements medical science had in the interval 

 undergone, and made some alterations in the divisions of glanders, 

 calling them proper and zmproper — primitive and secondary — in- 

 cipient, confirmed, and inveterate — simple and compound. He 

 would not admit that the lungs participated in glanders, save from 

 the supervention of pulmonic disease during its existence. But he 

 allowed that i\\Q frontal and, occasionally, the maxillary sinuses, to- 

 gether with the cornets and alee of the nose, partook of it. It was 

 some time, however, before he discovered that the tumours under 

 the jaw were not salivary, but lympliatic glands*. 



Malouin, 1761, appears amongst the earliest dissentients to the 

 generally-received doctrine of Lafosse. He presented the French 

 Academy with the results of his own observations, tending to 

 shew that other parts, besides the pituitary membrane, became in- 

 volved in disease; and that the longer the duration of glanders, 

 the greater the number of other tissues found affected by the 

 disease. 



Gibson, 1754, describes glanders to consist in " a malignant 

 ulcer formed in the inside of the nose of the horse" — " generally 

 accompanied by a swelling of the kernels under the jaws. The 

 matter discharged is, for the most part, either yellow or greenish, 

 or tinged with blood ; and, when horses have been long glandered, 

 that the bones and gristles are grown foul, the matter turns to a 

 blackish colour, and becomes very fetid and stinking. And this is 

 what usually passes for the Tnoiirning of the chine, from a mistaken 

 notion of corruption and putrefaction of the brain and spinal mar- 

 row." — " But the most common and usual kind (of glanders) does 

 not proceed from any of these causes! , but from a had disposition 



* Op. cit., at page 199. 



t Not having had by me Gibson's work at the time I was giving others' 

 opinions of the Causes of Glanders, I may be excused for introducing this 

 author's notions of the origin of the disease in this place. Gibson thought 

 glanders "sometimes proceeded from colds ill cured;" — "sometimes from 

 strangles ;" — " from an epidemical fever" occasionally; from " hard labour and 

 bad keeping." It is " the most infectious of all distempers ;" and is " cer- 

 tainlv so at some seasons more than at others. However, I have known glan- 

 dered horses stand a considerable time along with sound horses through negli- 

 gence or ignorance of the distemper, thinking it only to be an inveterate cold. 



