SEAT AND NATURE OF GLANDERS. 261 



tion and ulceration of the Schneiderian membrane, more particularly 

 of that part of it covering the septum, that appearing to possess 

 a higher degree of sensibility. It is generally accompanied by 

 tumefaction of the submaxillary lymphatic glands, which glandular 

 tumour or tumours is simply the consequence of irritation." 



" By specific is meant, an inflammation not attended with the 

 usual phenomena. If the inflammation could be as well recognised 

 by any characteristic appearance as the ulceration is, then the 

 horse ought to be pronounced glandered prior to the supervention 

 of the ulcerative stage : to this there are analogous instances in the 

 human subject. No surgeon decides on a case of syphilis before 

 chancre makes its appearance, or on small-pox until pustules have 

 formed. We may safely lay claim to two discoveries respecting 

 glanders and farcy. One is, that the whole mass of blood has been 

 found to be contaminated ; the other, that both diseases may be, 

 and are commonly, produced without the agency of contagion. 

 Mr. Hunter concluded that the blood was never in itself diseased, 

 because he could inoculate with it in small-pox and S3^philis with- 

 out infecting the subject ; whereas, if he made use of lymph, he 

 produced the disease. This is no proof, however, that the blood 

 contains no morbific matter ; for the poison mixed with it may be, 

 as we now know it to be, in too diluted a state to take any effect, 

 though, in the purulent discharge, it appears to exist in a con- 

 centrated form. On the same principle, a person may drink a tea- 

 cup-fui out of a pail-ful of water containing a certain quantity of 

 arsenic, with impunity ; but, should he take a quart or a gallon of 

 the same fluid, he may probably experience from it deleterious 

 effects. Aloes itself is a poison exhibited in large doses. Another 

 proof of the blood being diseased, is, that syphilitic infection will 

 frequently create disease in the throat : how could the poison get 

 there but through the medium of absorption and circulation] Be 

 this explicable however as it may, we have proved the fact beyond 

 all doubt and dispute by the test of direct experiment." 



" Glanders is not so prevalent in the summer as in the winter 

 season ; and it has, in several instances, been known to be epizootic, 

 particularly when horses brought from camp or other external 

 situations have been returned into warm and unventilated quarters. 



