xvi Synopsis of Chapters. 



PAGE 



country — A preference just coming into fashion for the horse, and 

 the old management of the ox as a beast of burden described 

 and advocated by Young — A want of economy shown regarding 

 the numbers of draught cattle necessary for ploughing, etc. — 

 Bare-fallowing still found to be largely practised — Leases 

 apparently by no means general at this period — The survival of 

 a tribal economy still strongly affects the customs and condi- 

 tions of husbandry — Varieties of leases and practices of crop- 

 ping as evidenced by a perusal of the Reports to the Board of 

 Agriculture — Seignorial reluctance to a system of leases — 

 Lancashire and Norfolk farming cu^^oms — Absence of any 

 compensation for unexhausted improvdments apparent at this 

 period — Instances of leases having penalty clauses — No ex- 

 pressed dislike on the part of landlords to ^ne practice termed 

 "consolidation of holdings" — The situation, condition, and 

 liabilities for the repairs, of farm buildings in different parts 

 of the country — Various practices observed over the letting of 

 farms — Pernicious methods in use for paying the land-agent of 

 the period — The two systems of fines and goodwill shown to 

 necessitate an amount of capital on the part of a tenant far in 

 excess of that actually required in stocking and starting a farm 

 — An almost universal demand for some more equitable form 

 of lease than that existing at this period, and the particulars 

 of, and objections to, Lord Kaimes's model of an agricultural 

 contract 360-382 



XTbe IRinetcentb Century. 



CHAPTER XVII. 



THE LAND FROM TUB CITIZEN'S STANDPOINT, 



The coming legislation against rights of landed property fore- 

 shadowed — The changes of a century in the condition of the 

 landowner and farmer — Prejudices evinced by both the Landed 

 and Commercial Interests against each other's rights and prac- 

 tices—The rise of the Radical party, and its earlier bids for 

 popular favoui- — The struggle between the Landed and Com- 

 mercial Interests shown to liave never degenerated into a class 

 contest — The effects of the French Revolution on party fortunes 

 — The most distasteful feature of the landed monopolies in the 

 merchant's eyes— The custom of primogeniture and law of in- 

 testate succession — Adam Smith's prejudices against the landed 

 system examined and criticised — The effects of the abolition of 

 primogeniture and entails on the various systems of foreign 

 agriculture — The hatred for the old feudal economy displa3^ed 

 by most European democracies, shown not to have existed to any 

 serious extent in this country — A comparison between the old 

 and new systems of land tenure in France, and their unfavour- 

 able results on modern French society — The origin and economy 

 of both the cultivation rt m< /r?/(!7.s and peasant proprietorship 

 proved to have long antedated the institution of the Code Napo- 

 leon — A too minute subdivision of the lands of France proved 

 to have been disastrous to all grades of her rural population — 



