XX Synopsis of Chaptei's. 



PAGE 



money instead of as formerly in kind, and the substitution of 

 separate cottages for the farm hands, instead of the boarding? 

 sj'stem, promotes the growing- antagonism between farmer and 

 labourer — The good effects of the older economy illustrated — 

 The necessity demonstrated for allowing the cottager some sub- 

 stitute, such as allotments, for his lost rights of commonage — 

 The old co-operative system practised in the Eidings of York- 

 shire shown to be prefei-able in every way to the allotment 

 system 494-512 



CHAPTER XXIII. 



THE MORAL OF THIS NARRATIVE. 



Changes wrought by the lapse of eighteen centuries on the position 

 of the overlord — Mill's erroneous ideas on the seignorial rela- 

 tionship with the magisterial office — A complete loss of the 

 privileges pertaining to the judgment-seat tends to reduce 

 realty to the condition of personalty — Drawbacks in the way 

 of land nationalisation — The landowner's altered relationship 

 with agriculture — A new solution of the difficult term, Rent — 

 Landlord's capital shown to be a factor in the economy of 

 agricultural production — A dual conti-ol of the soil proved to 

 be in existence, and the only alternative, viz.. a system of small 

 landed proprietorship, found to be undesirable — The improve- 

 ment of the soil by borrowed capital brought about by the 

 family settlement, maintained to be beyond the reach of legi- 

 timate State interference — Even Mill's ingenuity- unable to 

 justif J' any excuse for State control over the freedom of bequest 

 — The last plea for further interference either with the rights 

 of bequest or inheritance removed by the recent Settled Land 

 Acts — Principles of the unearned increment and betterment 

 S3"Stems alluded to — The more intelligible phase of the latter, 

 as occurring at the present moment in London, shown to tend 

 towards a discouragement of thrift — A departtire from the old 

 policy of avoiding the taxation of capital, as evidenced by the 

 death duties, shown to be depriving the soil of a |)Ortion of its 

 wealth — Any degradation of the old landed aristocracy by the 

 subdivision of their estates or otherwise proved to be ho.stile 

 to the Anglo-Saxon idiosyncracy — The farmer's -prosperity or 

 the reverse purely a question of pocket — His inability to better 

 the situation by any increased efforts of liis own — Excessive 

 taxation, an inferior climate, unchecked foreign competition, 

 and the supineness of sanitarj^ authorities, shown to be the 

 cau.ses of his want of success — Loss of capital carries in its 

 train worse evils, which weigh down every form of industry 

 connected with the national husbandry — Some form of the co- 

 operative system advocated as the first remedy for the present 

 deadlock — Drawbacks to the metayer economy pointed out — 

 A partly fixed, partly variable rent suggested as a substitute, 

 and the co-operation of the labourer encouraged either by 

 making wages rise and fall in sympathy witli market prices, 

 or preferably by the payment of wages partly in kind — A 

 scheme of compulsory insurance against the helplessness of 

 sickness and old age i-ecommended — A final appeal to all classes 

 connected with the soil for united action .... 513-535 



