" CLAYRABIA," AND " CLAYBEALE GRANT." , I 



was unmanageable, except with a rider upon his back, and as his only 

 gait was to run, the necessary riders were now termed or named pos- 

 tilions. 



As the wars diminished in Europe, and greater attention was given 

 to agriculture, the people demanded horses fit for that work ; hence 

 draught-horses had to be produced, but the thoroughbred runnine- 

 horse could not be moulded into adaptability for such uses. 



The first crosses down from it were necessarily mongrel, and were 

 termed " cock-tails" or " quarter-horses." The next remove down were 

 branded with the created appellation of "dung-hills," that they might 

 be forever discarded by the nobility; and this is the class of horses our 

 sporting-paper writers continually harp upon as the only class of horses 

 fit for the American gentleman's coach or road-wagon, — i.e., the English 

 nobility's discarded " dung-hills." Such writers certainly cannot know 

 these truths, or they would not so advocate. 



The Arabian blood, I have said, was plastic to mould into any form 

 or type. This people did not know ; hence looked about for horses to 

 answer their purposes for work whose build should be suitable, and 

 whose temper would be quiet and tractable. With mongrelization 

 comes cold blood and grossness of flesh, also softness of bone and 

 dull intellect. Men think beef or crossness of flesh means strength ; 

 strength comes with nerve-power ; and as we improve the animal in 

 blood, the muscle becomes more firm and hard, the bone smaller, but 

 more dense, and the nerve-power gives greater strength, even to the 

 do or die qualities desired. No other horse can endure, for an equal 

 length of time and upon low diet, what the thoroughbred Arabian can. 

 Cromwell and the " Roundheads" had taken many Arabian horses 

 into Scotland to be bred down, and from these came the Clydesdale. 

 The Flanders horse was brought into England, and by degrees they 

 bred into a class of horses suitable for the demands of the English 

 people ; not knowing, however, what bloods were accountable for the 

 animal now so useful to them. The thoroughbred run nine-horse lost 

 its value to the masses, becoming a toy for the nobility, of great ex- 

 pense, which only the very wealthy had use for; and that use was run- 

 ning races for a pastime in their idleness, and for chance or gambling- 

 Grades from the thoroughbred running-horse were less vicious and ex- 

 citable, so were adapted to fox-hunts and other great sport for the 

 nobility ; and from a still lower grade was formed the " Cleveland Bay," 

 a self-sustaining type, but unable, of its own mongrelized blood, to 

 create other more valuable horses. This " Cleveland Bay" is called 



