340 



THE HORSE 



__ to the head ; while a Utile below the middle is a metal arm, with an 

 eye (/) in it, to which is attached the tug of the trace, a clip of iron stitched 

 into a double piece of leather, which is fixed to the buckle for the trace {a). 

 This last is simply a long double-leather strap, attached at one end to the 

 above buckle, and at the other by an eye to the drawing bar of the gig oi" 

 carriage ; or sometimes the buckle is at the other end, and then the tug is 

 stitched at once into the trace. 



The supporting and backing part consists of the pad or saddle (^), 

 somewhat similar in principle to the riding saddle, but much narrower and 

 lighter. This has two rings for the reins, called the terrets (i), and a hook 

 (j) for the bearing rein, all at the top. It is fastened to the horse by a 



DETAILS OF SINGLE HARNESS. 



belly-band {k), and at the back of it there is an eye for the crupper, which 

 is a leather strap from it to the tail, round the root of which it passes, and 

 thus holds the pad from pressing forwards. Through the middle of the pad 

 passes a strong leather strap, called the back-band (/), which is attached to 

 a buckle and strong loop on each side, called the shaft tug (m), by which 

 the shaft is supported, and also kept back from pressing upon the horse's 

 quarters, in which latter office it is sometimes assisted by a leather strap 

 passing round these parts, and buckled on each side, either to the shaft or 

 to its tug, and called the breechen {n). 



The part for guiding the horse consists of the bridle and the reins, 

 the former being made up of two cheek-pieces and winkers (p and (/), a 

 throat-lash (r), a noseband (s), a face-strap {l), a front-piece {u), and a head- 

 piece {v). The cheek-pieces are buckled to tlie bit, which is generally a 

 strong curb, but sometimes only a double-ringed snaffle, now very commonly 



