14 THE ART OF 



up the sides to be attached to a head-stall 

 back of the ears, and a frontal upon the fore- 

 part. The cavesson of iron differs from the 

 other only, in the nose-band being formed of 

 iron on the front. This cavesson is furnish- 

 ed with three rings of iron, one on each side, 

 and the third in the middle upon the nose. 



The effects of the cavesson differ essen- 

 tially from those of the bridle ; the bridle 

 acts directly on the lower jaw of the horse, 

 and the cavesson entirely on the nose. Now, 

 this part being much less sensible than the 

 former, the cavesson gives the means of 

 moulding an untrained horse to all the move- 

 ments that it is desirable to make him exe- 

 cute, without fatiguing his mouth ; it prepares 

 him for the effects of the bridle, and governs 

 the mouth of horses that are trusted to be- 

 ginners. 



The pillars are two round posts, six feet 

 high, placed in the middle of a manege, five 

 feet from each other, terminated with a head- 

 top pierced with holes, and furnished with 

 rings at the top. The horse that is to be 

 trained to piaffing, or to certain lofty airs, or 

 that is to be made vigorous, is tied between 

 these pillars by the side rings of the cavesson. 



