THE MODERN HORSE DOCTOR. 33 



every quarter, to enlist in the army of scientific veterinary medi- 

 cine, and ere long human practitioners must look to the laurels, 

 or they will be snatched from their brows. 



The advantages under which the veterinary art can now be 

 studied in England, France, and Germany are not inferior to 

 those of the most favored university ; and such astonishing dis- 

 coveries, through the aid of chemistry and the microscope, are in 

 such rapid succession surprising the medical world, and so splen- 

 did are the achievements in the departments of veterinary 

 surgery, that the noble sons of iEsculapius — our brethren of the 

 human school — are watching the labors of their kindred spirits 

 with no ordinary interest. 



Such is the brief history of our art ; much interesting matter 

 might be added, with a view of enlisting the sympathies of Ameri- 

 can philanthropists ; but the author feels assured that the time is 

 soon to arrive when the people of this country w T ill unite with 

 their brethren of the old world in a hearty cooperation for the 

 amelioration of live stock. 



EXPLANATION OF CUT. 



1. 1, 1. The three coats of the stomach ; generally described zsfoiir, 



2. (Esophagus or gullet. 



3. Region of the cardiac orifice of the stomach. 



4. Muscular coat of the stomach. 



5. Cellular and mucous coat. 



6. External coat, or peritoneal tunic, reflected over. 



7. Region of the pyloric orifice. 



8. Great convex border. 



9. Concave border. 



10. Fundus, or great cul-de-sac. 



11. Small cul-de-sac. 



12. Representing the nerves of the stomach. They cannot, however, be 

 shown to much advantage in this view ; as the cerebro-spinal and sympathetic 

 form various plexuses within the chest, and interchange fibres ere "they reach 

 the diaphragm, where they form two branches, termed inferior and siqjerior ; 

 one goes to the fundus, and the other to the pyloric end of the stomach. 



13. Duodenum, or second stomach, as it is sometimes called. 



14. Bilary and pancreatic ducts. 



15. Small intestine, known as duodenum jejunum, and ileum. 



16. Terminating portion of the ileum, at the junction of the ccccum and colon. 



17. Ca?cum, or blind gut. 



18. Colon. 



19. Rectum. 



20. Anus. 



21. Sphincter muscle of the anus. 



