140 THE MODERN HORSE DOCTOR. 



at the bottom of the mouth : I have seen them in many horses. 

 The large intestines are sometimes inflamed, and even on some 

 occasions the margin of the anus may be observed to have grown 

 red. The liver, with its peritoneal covering and excretory ducts, 

 participate in this same excitation. Gastro-enteritis rarely ex- 

 ists in intensity for any time without reacting upon the mucous 

 membrane of the respiratory passages, producing that sympa- 

 thetic phlegmasia which is known by a sort of rale ; by a pain- 

 ful state of the throat and upper part of the windpipe ; by embar- 

 rassed respiration ; by dilatation of the nostrils ; by accelerated 

 heavings of the flanks ; by a short, dry, hollow cough ; by shak- 

 ings; and occasionally by a discharge from the nose of frothy 

 mucous matter, sometimes, but rarely, yellowish. Inflammation 

 of the lungs may also be a complication ; then the expiration 

 becomes more frequent, the respiration short and quick, the ex- 

 pired air hot, and the pulse strong. Peritonitis and nephritis 

 may likewise prove complications. In the first case, the horse 

 experiences abdominal pains, and rubs his lips ; in the second, 

 there is inflexibility of the spine about the lumbar region, and 

 the animal evinces pain when pressed over the kidneys ; the 

 urine is also redder and less in quantity. In fine, when gastro- 

 enteritis is most intense, the consequent uneasiness and fatigue 

 are often attributable to the brain ; the derangement of which is 

 indicated by the extended neck, the heat and heaviness about 

 the head, the drooping attitude, the resting -point that he makes 

 of the manger, and the drowsiness he evinces. At the time, the 

 sight and hearing become affected ; the conjunctiva looks red and 

 injected, or it assumes a purplish hue, which, at the bottom, often 

 turns yellowish, and exhibits phlyctcena ; the eyeball is inflamed, 

 and the eye obscured ; the muscles of the face are irregularly con- 

 tracted ; there is grinding of the teeth ; often symptoms of vertigo, 

 and sometimes to that degree that some veterinarians — among 

 others Dupuy — have regarded the gastro-enteritis of 1825 as 

 a form of vertiginous affection. This combination is especially 

 fatal, and quickly so, and particularly in old horses, and such as 

 are oppressed with work beyond their powers, or otherwise de- 

 bilitated. Phlegmasia, sympathetically developed in the urinary 

 passages and organs of generation, will account for the changes 



