THE MODERN HORSE DOCTOR. 371 



coat, loss of flesh, voracious appetite, and slimy stools. Worms 

 — excepting bots — are supposed by some to be of spontaneous 

 origin ; but our opinion is, that they are the result of a per- 

 verted state of the parts in which they appear. The long, round 

 worm is an inhabitant of the small intestines ; and the pin or 

 thread worm is generally found in the large intestines and rec- 

 tum. 



Treatment. — Various are the remedies used for the expulsion 

 of worms : the chief are, wood ashes, poplar bark, sulphur, salt, 

 castor oil, turpentine, calomel, tartar emetic, and aloes ; either 

 of which will sometimes bring away a quantity of worms. But 

 the difficulty does not end here ; the worms will generate so long 

 as that morbid habit which gives rise to them exists. Hence the 

 course invariably pursued by the author is to change the morbid 

 habit by alteratives and vermifuges * combined. The following 

 is a good example of the same : — 



* " In this inquiry the principal experiments were performed by immersing 

 the worms of dogs, cats, and other of the lower animals, in milk or fluid albu- 

 men, at a temperature of about 77° Fahrenheit, and then adding the vermifuge 

 of the fluid. Electricity was employed to test the actual death of the worm. 



" Tape Worms. — The decoction of kousso and milk proved fatal in half an 

 hour ; turpentine and albumen from one hour to one hour and a quarter ; de- 

 coction of pomegranate bark and milk or albumen, in from three hours to 

 three hours and a half ; ethereal extract of male fern with albumen in from 

 three hours and a half to four hours ; and castor oil with albumen in eight 

 hours. Therefore kousso appears to be by far the most potent of the vir- 

 mifuges. 



" Tape worms placed in a salad containing onions and garlic, and dressed 

 with vinegar and oil, died in about eight hours. 



" Dolichos pruriens appeared to exert no poisonous influence, nor did brown 

 oxide of copper ; though the latter excited violent mischief in the intestines 

 of a cat, to which it was administered. 



"Round Worms. — Santonine dissolved in castor oil caused death in about 

 ten minutes ; but santonine in milk or in albumen had no appreciable influ- 

 ence ; creosote caused death within two hours ; common salt in from two to six 

 hours ; and the roe of the herring, or flour of mustard, in four hours. Turpen- 

 tine and albumen, or petroleum, or oil of cajeput and albumen, were upon a 

 par with common salt. A salad containing garlic and onions caused death in 

 from ten to fifteen hours ; garlic acid, pomegranate root, and vinegar operated 

 fatally in about eleven hours ; but kousso and the other astringents required 

 from twenty-four to thirty hours before they produced this result. Ordinary 

 bitters acted very slowly and unsatisfactorily. 



" From these experiments Dr. K. recommends that, to the cure of round 



