IRISH AGRARIAN TENURE. 67 



tions to this rule. The Commission named 

 twenty-two large estates on which the buildings 

 and other standing equipment of the farm had 

 been provided by the owners.' Properties which 

 were so equipped were named " English managed 

 estates." 



Where the whole capital of the farm was 

 supplied by the tenant, the termination of the 

 tenancy often meant the confiscation by the 

 landlord of the capital invested by the tenant. 

 The termination of a tenancy often took in 

 Ireland the form of an eviction. During the 

 years 1849-80, 90,107 families received eviction 

 notices ; of these, however, 21,340 were allowed 

 to remain in their homes as caretakers, so that 

 the number actually evicted was 68,967.^ In 

 the years 1849-56 alone over 50,000 families 

 were evicted.^ This was partly due to the 

 famine, which led the landlords to consolidate 

 holdings, v/hile most of the later evictions took 

 place in consequence of non-payment of rent 

 long overdue ; yet even in this period purely 

 arbitrary evictions, whether on personal grounds 

 or for the sake of consolidation of holdings, were 

 not very uncommon.* 



Even without any eviction it was possible 

 for the landlord, if not to confiscate, at least to 



^ Lord Dufferin's "Irish Emigration and the Tenure of Land 

 in Ireland," pp. 232-33. 



- " Irish Landlord," p. 522. 



^ Ibid^ pp. 254 ^/ seq, 



■*Cairnes, "Political Essays," p. 192. 



