iQo THE MEADOW FLORA. 



places further removed from the River small marshes 

 and lakes are formed. On the flooded meadoAv land 

 the following flora appears : Odontites rubra, Aster 

 Tataincus, Panicum Mands/minaim, Calystegia aceto- 

 safolia, EcJiinops Tiwczaninovii, SoncJms brachy- 

 otis, Statice тьгса, Sophora fiavescens, Cynanchum 

 acutiim, Vincetoxiciun Sibiriciim, Vincetoxiaun sp. ; 

 varieties of Rammculus, Taiiacetiun, Oxytropis, 

 Piantago, S tacky s, Spei^gularia, Adenophora, &c. 

 It may be seen from the above list that parts of 

 these meadows closely resemble our fields in 

 Europe. Nearer the River grow the thick worm 

 wood {Artemisia sp.), lyme-grass {Biymus sp.), and 

 willow iSalix sp.), which further westward com- 

 pletely covers large areas. The marshes and their 

 borders are thickly overgrown with reeds {Phrag- 

 mites commtmis) ; in the uncovered spots appear the 

 water plantain {Alisma Plantagd), the water aspara- 

 gus {Hippuris vulgaris\ some kinds of Scirpus, 

 Elceocharis, Cyperus, ytmctts, Utriailaria, Ciciita, 

 Biitomus, MonocJwria, Pediciclaris, Lactuca. 



The sands of Kuzupchi do not come quite close 

 up to this part of the valley of the Hoang-ho, but 

 are separated from it by a border of sand mixed with 

 clay which terminates in a precipitous bank, 50 feet 

 and in some places 100 feet high, in all probability 

 once forminof the river shore. 



This border is covered with small mounds (seven 

 to ten feet high), mostly overgrown with worm- 

 wood {Artemisia campcstris) and Siberian pea- 

 tree {Caragana sp.). Here we found one of the 



