27б SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES. 



PEHLING AND FANQUI. 

 P. 41. 



« 



The footnote here, which says * Pehling is the Chinese 

 for EngHshmen, Fan-qui for Frenchmen,' needs correction. 

 Fan-Kivci is simply the term usually rendered ' foreign 

 devils/ and is applied to Europeans generally. Pe-ling 

 appears to be a corruption of the Western Asiatic Firingi, 

 i.e. ' a Frank,' a term which in some older Chinese notices 

 appears in the form Fn-lang. Pe-ling; or pJiilmg, we know 

 from Huc,^ Hodgson, and Edgar ^ is the name which the 

 Chinese at Lhassa give to the English in India, and it per- 

 haps came to them through the Kashmiris and other 

 Mahommedan traders to Lhassa. 



' PcJi-ling Fan-q2ii^ in the comprador's utterance quoted, 

 means, I imagine, ' the Frank foreigners ' who come by 

 sea, in contradistinction to the Russ foreigners who come 

 by land, and Avith whom the Chinese perhaps recognise 

 something more of affinity. — [Y.] 



KUMIZ AND DARASUN. 



P. 54. 



Col. Prejevalsky makes these two drinks identical, but 

 he is surely wrong. Dardsnn is the Chinese rice-wine, 

 or something analogous. Kovalefsky gives ' Darasonn, 

 Chinese hoang-tsieou . . . des boisson fortes ; vin 

 ordinaire fait avec des grains ; vin jaune.' William de 

 Rubruk gives a catalogue of Mongol drinks in the following 

 words : — ' Tunc ipse fecit a nobis queri quid vellemus 

 bibere, utrum vinum vel terraciiiam \_dards//;i], hoc est cer- 

 visiam de risio, vel caracosmos \kara-kiimiz\ hoc est clarum 

 lac jumenti, vel bal, hoc est medonem de melle. Istis enim 

 quatuor potibus utuntur in hyeme ' (p. 305-6). — [Y.] 



* ' Pc'lins de Calcutta ' (ii. 265). 



^ Hodgso7i's Essays, p. 68 ; Rep. on Sikhim and Thibtian Frontier, 

 Calcutta, 1874, p. 17. 





