304 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES. 



Tibet, which is on the confines of India Proper, and is 

 subject to the Great Khan. They have in it great plenty 

 of bread and wine as anywhere in the world. The folk of 

 that country dwell in tents made of black felt. But the 

 chief and royal city is all built with walls of black and 

 white, and all its streets are very well paved. In this city 

 no one shall dare to shed the blood of any, whether man or 

 beast, for the reverence they bear to a certain idol which is 

 . there worshipped. In that city dwelleth the Abassi, i.e. in 

 their tongue, the Pope, who is head of all the idolaters, and 

 who has the disposal of all their benefices, such as they 

 are, after their manner.' This is very curious, as showing 

 that there was a Grand Lama (at Lhassa .'') recognised as 

 Pope of Lamaism many years before the period assigned 

 to the establishment of the spiritual dynasty of the Dalai 

 Lama as now existing. — [Y]. 



THE DUNCANS. 



P. 122. 



There is no need to add to what has been written about 

 these Tungaiii, whom Russian ears apparently transform 

 into Dungans. The name does no; seem to be applied in 

 any sense of race, but simply to be the popular name by 

 which Chinese MaJwvnnedans are known among the Turki- 

 speaking people of Central Asia, and on the Russian 

 frontier. 



The earliest mention of it that I have met with is in 

 Tzzat UUah's * Itineraries,' published in the seventh volume 

 of the ' Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society ' (p. 310). The 

 name also occurs thus in Burnes : — 



' These soldiers (of the Chinese garrisons in Kashgar) 

 are drawn from the tribe of Toonganee, who claim relation- 

 ship to the army of Alexander ; they are Mahommcdans 

 from the adjacent provinces, but dress as Chinese.' ' 



And in Mr. Wathen's ' Notes on Chinese Tartary,' 

 derived from certain pilgrims who passed through Bombay 

 to Mecca in 1835, we find the following: — 



' Tfn7'c/s to Tok/inra, \?,T,\; ii. 229. 



