SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES. 305 



' The Tungani live in the country, the chief towns of 

 which are Salar and Sairam. Alexander the Great is said 

 to have penetrated as far as Salar, and to have left a 

 colony of his soldiers in the country, from whom the 

 Tiinganis are descended. They derive the name from 

 several Turkish and Persian words signifying " left behind," 

 " looking back," &c.' ' This shows how old is the question 

 of the obscure etymology of the name. The most pro- 

 bable seems to be that assigned by Vambery, from a 

 Turki word signifying ' a convert.' — [Y.] 



RED AND YELLOW LAMAS. 

 P. 151. 



Col. Prejevalsky's definition of the radical difference 

 between these would better have been described as loose, 

 than as ' not to be relied on.' Some notion of the distinc- 

 tion may be obtained by reading what is said about 

 Tsong-kaba's reform of Lamaism, in the Introduction. 

 Marriage of the clergy Avas admitted by the Red, or un- 

 reformed. Lamas in some cases, and under some restric- 

 tions. But it does not appear that it is by any means a 

 general or present characteristic of them. Ladak, Bhutan, 

 and Sikkim are nurseries of the Red Sect, since the pre- 

 dominance of the Yellow in Tibet Proper. — [Y.] 



DIFFICULTY AS TO FIRES AT GREAT ALTITUDES. 



P. 183. 



Marco Polo notices this in his account of Pamir ; and a 

 note on that passage (2nd ed. i. p. 187) gives some remarks 

 on the subject by Humboldt, and some of the experience 

 of my friend Col. Montgomerie, R.E. — [Y.] 



^ Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, iv. 655. 



VOL. II. 



