302 



BIOLOGY AND ITS MAKERS 



animals experimented upon, namely, guinea-pigs, rabbits, 

 and mice, are not susceptible to these diseases. 



Lister. The other member of the great triumvirate of 

 bacteriology, Sir Joseph Lister (Fig. 94), was born in 1827 

 and lived until Feby. n, 1912; he was successively professor 



FIG. 94. SIR JOSEPH LISTER, 1827-1912. 



of surgery in the universities of Glasgow (1860) and of Edin- 

 burgh (1869), and in King's College, London (1877). His 

 practical application of the germ-theory introduced aseptic 

 methods into surgery and completely revolutionized that 

 field. This was in 1867. In an address given that year be- 

 fore the British Medical Association in Dublin, he said: 

 " When it had been shown by the researches of Pasteur that 



