INDEX 



Abiogenesis, 277 



Acquired characters, inheritance of, 

 315; Weismann on, 404 



Agassiz, essay on classification, 137; 

 agreement of embryological stages 

 and the fossil record, 336; fossil 

 fishes, 336; portrait, 336 



Aldrovandi, 115 



Alternative inheritance, 317 



Amphimixis, the source of varia- 

 tions, 402 



Anatomical sketches, the earliest, 

 32; from Vesa'ius, 31, 33 



Anatomical studies, recent tenden- 

 cies of, 450 



Anatomy, of Aristotle, 23; begin- 

 nings of, 23; earliest known illus- 

 trations, 32; of Galen, 24; of the 

 Middle Ages, 24; comparative, 

 rise of, 141-165; of insects, 

 Dufour, 109; Lyonet, 91; Mal- 

 pighi, 63; Newport, 100; Reau- 

 mur, 96; Roesel, 96; Straus- 

 Diirckheim, 96; Swammerdam, 

 7j 73~77i minute, progress of, 

 89-104; of plants, Grew, 56; 

 Malpighi, 66 



Ancients, return to the science of, 

 112 



Animal behavior, studies of, 451 



Animal kingdom of Cuvier, 133 



Aquinas, St. Thomas, on creation, 



4i7 

 Arcana Naturae, of Leeuwenhoek, 



78 



Aristotle, 9-15; books of, 13; errors 

 of, 13; estimate of, 10; extensive 

 knowledge of animals, 12; the 

 founder of natural history, 9; in- 

 fluence of, 15; personal appear- 

 ance, 13, 14; portrait, 14; posi- 

 tion in the development of science, 

 ii 



Arrest of inquiry, effect of, 1 7 

 Augustine, St., on creation, 417 

 Authority declared the source of 

 knowledge, 18 



B 



Bacteria, discovery of, 276; disease- 

 producing, 300; and antiseptic 

 surgery, 303; nitrifying, of the 

 soil, 305 



Bacteriology, development of, 276 



Baer, Von, and the rise of embryol- 

 ogy, 195-236; his great classic on 

 development of animals, 214; and 

 germ-layers, 218; makes embryol- 

 ogy comparative, 220; and Pan- 

 der, 218; period in embryology, 

 214-226; portraits, 216, 217; his 

 rank in embryology, 220; his es- 

 pecial service, 217; sketches from 

 his embryological treatise, 221 



Balfour, masterly work of, 226; his 

 period in embryology, 226-232; 

 personality, 228; portrait, 227; 

 tragic fate, 228; university career, 

 227 



Bary, H. A. de, 271; portrait, 272 



Bassi, and the germ-theory of dis- 

 ease, 294 



Bell, Charles, discoveries on the ner- 

 vous system, 183; portrait, 184 



Berengarius, 26 



Bernard, Claude, in physiology, 190; 

 personality, 191; portrait, 191 



Biblia Naturae of Swammerdam, 73 



Bichat, and the birth of histology, 

 166-178; Buckle's estimate of, 

 166, 167; education, 167; in 

 Paris, 167; personality, 168; phe- 

 nomenal industry, 168; portrait, 

 169; results of his work, 170; 

 writings, 170; successes of, 170 



Binomial nomenclature of Linnaeus, 

 126 



Biological facts, application of, 451 



Biological laboratories, establish- 

 ment and maintenance of, 452; 

 the station at Naples, 452; picture 

 of, 453; the Woods Holl station, 

 452 



Biological periodicals, 454 



Biological progress, continuity of, 

 442; atmosphere engendered by, 



