474 



INDEX 



200; frontispiece from his genera- 

 tion of animals (1651), 201; in- 

 fluence of, 52; introduces exper- 

 imental method, 47; at Padua, 41; 

 period in physiology, 180; per- 

 sonal appearance and qualities, 

 42, 44, 45; portrait, 44; prede- 

 cessors of, 48; question as to his 

 originality, 46; his teacher, 43; 

 writings, 45 



Heredity, 306; a cellular study, 257; 

 according to Darwin, 308; Weis- 

 mann, 310; application of statis- 

 tics to, 315; inheritance of ac- 

 quired characters, 315; steps in 

 advance of knowledge of, 309 



Hertwig, Oskar, portrait, 231; ser- 

 vice in embryology, 232; Rich- 

 ard, quoted, 125 



Hilaire, St., portrait, 424; see St. 

 Hilaire 



His, Wilhelm, 232; portrait, 233 



Histology, birth of, 166-178; Bichat 

 its founder, 170; normal and 

 pathological, 172; text-books of, 

 177 



Hooke, Robert, 55; his microscope 

 illustrated, 55 



Hooker, letter on the work of Dar- 

 win and Wallace, 428-430 



Horse, evolution of, 356 



Human ancestry, links in, 366-372 



Human body, evolution of, 365 



Human fossils, 342, 367 



Hunter, John, 144; portrait, 145 



Huxley, in comparative anatomy, 

 161; influence on biology, 438; in 

 palaeontology, 337; portrait, 438 



Inheritance, alternative, Mendel, 

 317; ancestral, 321; Darwin's 

 theory of, 307; material basis of, 

 312-314; nature of, 306 



Inheritance of acquired characters, 

 315; Lamarck on, 383; Weis- 

 mann on, 404 



Inquiry, the arrest of, 17 



Insects, anatomy of, Dufour, 106; 

 Malpighi, 63; illustration, 65; 

 Newport, 100; Leydig, 102; 

 Straus-Diirckheim, 96; Swammer- 

 dam, 70, 75; illustration, 76; theol- 

 ogy of, 91 



Isolation, 413 



Jardin du Roi changed to Jardin des 



Plantes, 378 

 Jennings, on animal behavior, 109, 



441 

 Jonston, 114 



K 



Klein, 118 



Koch, Robert, discoveries of, 300; 



portrait, 301 

 Koelliker, in embryology, 224; in 



histology, 171; portrait, 173 

 Kowalevsky, in embryology, 224; 



portrait, 225 



L 



Lacaze-Duthiers, 158; portrait, 159 

 Lamarck, changes from botany to 

 zoology, 378; compared with 

 Cuvier, 329; education, 377; first 

 announcement of his evolutionary 

 views, 381; forerunners of, 419; 

 first use of a genealogical tree, 131; 

 founds invertebrate palaeontology, 

 328; on heredity, 383; laws of 

 evolution, 382; military experi- 

 ence, 376; opposition to, 422; 

 Philosophic Zoologique, 381; por- 

 trait, 373; position in science, 132; 

 salient points in his theory, 384; 

 his theory of evolution, 380; com- 

 pared with that of Darwin, 396, 

 397; time and favorable condi- 

 tions, 384; use and disuse, 380 

 Leeuwenhoek, 77-87; new bio- 

 graphical facts, 78; capillary 

 circulation, 84, 85, sketch of, 83; 

 comparison with Malpighi and 

 Swammerdam, 87; discovery of 

 the protozoa, 105; other discov- 

 eries, 85; and histology, 178; his 

 microscopes, 81; pictures of, 82, 

 83; occupation of, 78; portrait, 

 79; scientific letters, 83; theoreti- 

 cal views, 86 

 Leibnitz, 208 



Leidy in palaeontology, 339 

 Lesser's theology of insects, 91 

 Leuckart, 136; portrait, 136 

 Leydig, 102; anatomy of insects, 

 102; in histology, 175; portrait, 



175 



Linnaean system, reform of, 130-138 

 Linnaeus, 118-130; binomial nomen- 

 clature, 127; his especial service, 



