88 MARXISM AND DARWINISM. 



than any one individual possessed, even the strongest. 

 It is owing to this united strength that the defense- 

 less plant-eaters can ward aff rapacious animals. It 

 is only by means of this unity that some animals are 

 able to protect their young. 



A second advantage of sociability arises from the 

 fact that where animals live socially, there is a possi- 

 bility of the division of labor. Such animals send out 

 scouts or place sentinels whose object it is to look 

 after the safety of all, while others spend their time 

 either in eating or in plucking, relying upon their 

 guards to warn them of danger. 



Such an animal society becomes, in some respects, 

 a unit, a single organism. Naturally, the relation re- 

 mains much looser than the cells of a single animal 

 body; nevertheless, the group becomes a coherent 

 body, and there must be some power that holds to- 

 gether the individual members. 



This power is found in the social motives, the in- 

 stinct that holds them together and causes the continu- 

 ance of the group. Every animal must place the inter- 

 est of the entire group above his own ; it must always 

 act instinctively for the advantage and maintenance of 

 the group without consideration of itself. As long as 

 the weak plant-eaters think of themselves only and 

 run away when attacked by a rapacious animal, each 

 one minding his life only, the entire herd disappears. 

 Only when the strong motive of self-preservation is 

 suppressed by a stronger motive of union, and each 

 animal risks its life for the protection of all, only then 

 does the herd remain and enjoy the advantages of 

 sticking together. In such a case, self-sacrifice, 

 bravery, devotion, discipline and consciousness must 



