MARXISM AND DARWINISM. 45 



This citation is quoted by Kautsky in his "Ethics and 



the Materialist Conception of History" (pages 139-40 

 English Translation). The animal's actions are de- 

 pendent upon visual motives, it is only by these that 

 it sees, hears or observes in any other way. We can 

 always tell what induced the animal to do this or the 

 other act, for we, too, can see it if we look. With man, 

 however, it is entirely different. We can not foretell 

 what he will do, for we do not know the motives that 

 induce him to act ; they are thoughts in his head. Man 

 considers, and in so doing, all his knowledge, the re- 

 sult of former experience, comes into play, and it is 

 then that he decides how to act. The acts of an ani- 

 mal depend upon immediate impression, while those of 

 man depend upon abstract conceptions, upon his think- 

 ing and perceiving. Man is at the same time influenced 

 by finer invisible motives. Thus all his movements 

 bear the impress of being guided by principles and in- 

 tentions which give them the appearance of independ- 

 ence and obviously distinguishes them from those of 

 animals. 



Owing to their having bodily wants, men and 

 animals are forced to seek to satisfy them in the nat- 

 ural objects surrounding them. The impression on 

 the mind is the immediate impulse and beginning; the 

 satisfaction of the wants is the aim and end of the act. 

 With the animal, action follows immediately after im- 

 pression. It sees its prey or food and immediately it 

 jumps, grasps, eats, or does that which is necessary 

 for grasping, and this is inherited as an instinct. The 

 animal hears some hostile sound, and immediately it 

 runs away if its legs are so developed to run quickly, 

 or lies down like dead so as not to be seen if its color 

 serves as a protector. Between man's impressions 



