MARXISM AND DARWINISM. 40 



repeated so often that it must have left an impression 

 on the minds of those primitive men. 



To the animal, surrounding nature is a single unit, 

 of the details of which it is unconscious. It can not 

 distinguish between various objects. Our primitive 

 man, at his lowest stage, must have been at the same 

 level of consciousness. From the great mass sur- 

 rounding him, some objects (tools) come into his 

 hands which he used in procuring his existence. These 

 tools, being very important objects, soon were given 

 some designation, were designated by a sound which 

 at the same time named the particular activity. Owing 

 to this sound, or designation, the tool and the particu- 

 lar kind of activity stands out from the rest of the 

 surroundings. Man begins to analyze the world by 

 concepts and names, self-consciousness makes its ap- 

 pearance, artificial objects are purposely sought and 

 knowingly made use of while working. 



This process — for it is a very slow process — marks 

 the beginning of our becoming men. As soon as men 

 deliberately seek and apply certain tools, we can say 

 that these are being developed ; from this stage to the 

 manufacturing of tools, there is only one step. The 

 first crude tools differ according to use ; from the sharp 

 stone we get the knife, the bolt, the drill, and the 

 spear; from the stick we get the hatchet. With the 

 further dififerentiation of tools, serving later for the 

 division of labor, lang.. ^ge and thought develop into 

 richer and newer forms, while thought leads man to 

 use the tools in a better way, to improve old and in- 

 vent new ones. 



So we see that one thing brings on the other. The 

 practice of sociability and the application to labor are 

 the springs in which technique, thought, tools and 



